Coulomb gauge confinement in the heavy quark limit

The relationship between the nonperturbative Green's functions of Yang-Mills theory and the confinement potential is investigated. By rewriting the generating functional of quantum chromodynamics in terms of a heavy quark mass expansion in Coulomb gauge, restricting to leading order in this expansion and considering only the two-point functions of the Yang-Mills sector, the rainbow-ladder approximation to the gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations is shown to be exact in this case and an analytic, nonperturbative solution is presented. It is found that there is a direct connection between the string tension and the temporal gluon propagator. Further, it is shown that for the 4-point quark correlation functions, only confined bound states of color-singlet quark-antiquark (meson) and quark-quark (baryon) pairs exist.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Audit of burns patients in the intensive care setting [poster]

No abstract available

Eddy-current-free switching of permalloy thin films

Eddy current free switching of permalloy thin magnetic film, and large-angle flux reversal measurement

Perturbation Theory of Coulomb Gauge Yang-Mills Theory Within the First Order Formalism

Perturbative Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory within the first order formalism is considered. Using a differential equation technique and dimensional regularization, analytic results for both the ultraviolet divergent and finite parts of the two-point functions at one-loop order are derived. It is shown how the non-ultraviolet divergent parts of the results are finite at spacelike momenta with kinematical singularities on the light-cone and subsequent branch cuts extending into the timelike region.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

Rhythms of Locomotion Expressed by Limulus polyphemus, the American Horseshoe Crab: II. Relationship to Circadian Rhythms of Visual Sensitivity

In the laboratory, horseshoe crabs express a circadian rhythm of visual sensitivity as well as daily and circatidal rhythms of locomotion. The major goal of this investigation was to determine whether the circadian clock underlying changes in visual sensitivity also modulates locomotion. To address this question, we developed a method for simultaneously recording changes in visual sensitivity and locomotion. Although every animal (24) expressed consistent circadian rhythms of visual sensitivity, rhythms of locomotion were more variable: 44% expressed a tidal rhythm, 28% were most active at night, and the rest lacked statistically significant rhythms. When exposed to artificial tides, 8 of 16 animals expressed circatidal rhythms of locomotion that continued after tidal cycles were stopped. However, rhythms of visual sensitivity remained stable and showed no tendency to be influenced by the imposed tides or locomotor activity. These results indicate that horseshoe crabs possess at least two biological clocks: one circadian clock primarily used for modulating visual sensitivity, and one or more clocks that control patterns of locomotion. This arrangement allows horseshoe crabs to see quite well while mating during both daytime and nighttime high tides

Electric arc apparatus Patent

Electric arc heater with supersonic nozzle and fixed arc length for use in high temperature wind tunnel

Circatidal and Circadian Rhythms of Locomotion in Limulus polyphemus

The nocturnal increases in the sensitivity of the lateral eye of Limulus polyphemus, the species of horseshoe crab found along the Atlantic coast, have been firmly established as being controlled by an endogenous circadian clock (1,2,3) located in the brain (4). Virtually nothing is known, however, about the control of the animal’s behavioral rhythms of mating and spawning that are observed in the intertidal zone during high tides in late spring (5,6,7). Many other marine species, especially intertidal crabs, exhibit similar rhythmic behaviors that have been demonstrated to be under the control of endogenous clocks that are circatidal (8,9,10,11,12), circadian (10,12), or both. While there is some evidence that the activity of juvenile horseshoe crabs is primarily nocturnal (13,14), and possibly controlled by a circadian clock (14), we know of no published work showing that locomotor activity in the adult is endogenously controlled on either a 12.4-h (circatidal) or 24-h (circadian) basis. We report here that locomotor activity in adult individuals of L. polyphemus is endogenously modulated on both a circatidal and a circadian basis and that when the animals are subjected to a light-dark (LD) cycle, most activity occurs at night

STOL Simulation Requirements for Development of Integrated Flight/propulsion Control Systems

The role and use of simulation as a design tool in developing integrated systems where design criteria is largely unavailable is well known. This paper addresses additional simulation needs for the development of Integrated Flight/Propulsion Control Systems (IFPCS) which will improve the probability of properly interpreting simulation results. These needs are based on recent experience with power approach flying qualities evaluations of an advanced fighter configuration which incorporated Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) technologies and earlier experiences with power approach flying qualities evaluations on the AFTI/F-16 program. The use of motion base platforms with axial and normal degrees of freedom will help in evaluating pilot coupling and workload in the presence of high frequency low amplitude axial accelerations produced by high bandwidth airspeed controllers in a gusty environment

Optimising car life for minimum CO2 emission

In this paper, the historical trends and future projections of whole of life CO2 emissions is followed and includes the changing effects on embedded production energy as vehicles have been made lighter. Even so, the rapid reduction in fuel consumption of conventional vehicles leads to the ratio of embedded to in-use CO2-e to have doubled in the last 30 years. This embedded energy sourced CO2 recurs each time a new car is made, so the front end energy has to be amortised over the life of the vehicle. It is shown that the ratio is several times higher for battery electric vehicles, while hybrids fall between electric and conventional. The importance of vehicle useful life is emphasized. In the past, the optimum life to amortise the embedded energy was about 17 years but this depends on the prevailing rate of improvement in in-use energy of the marketed fleet. The paper concludes on the basis of the evidence presented that the optimum life for present conventional vehicles is between 10 and 12 years and for battery electric vehicles approaching 20 years with hybrids falling between. As the rate of annual fuel consumption improvement reduces from the present level of 5%/y, the desirable life-times of vehicles will increase. It is recommended that some form of government policy be implemented to achieve the changes in optimum vehicle life-time, over the next few decades, through support for ‘Cash for clunkers’ or equivalent mechanisms. This will enable the most rapid achievement of greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Incentives or other mechanisms need to be found to encourage hybrids rather than all electric vehicles to achieve best possible vehicle fleet CO2 reduction