27 research outputs found
Corporate dentistry Upholding dental standards
The use of materials such as paraffin is widespread in modern energy industries. The ability to absorb a large amount of energy during a phase transition at a constant temperature conditions allows to store and transport the heat. The intensity of melting is related to the thermophysical characteristics of the material and the geometric parameters of the system. Heat transfer inside the system is carried out due to the heat conduction, while in the melt the convective heat transfer intensifies the process. In this paper, a numerical study of heat transfer inside a domain filled with paraffin with nanoparticles and heated from a source of constant volumetric heat generation is performed. A two-dimensional model of the melting process has been formulated in the dimensionless variables “stream function–vorticity–temperature” taking into account the natural convective heat transfer occurring in the melt. The system of partial differential equations has been solved using the finite difference method. The simulation has been carried out at different inclination angles of the considered system. Local and integral characteristics of the melting process at different heating levels of the system have been obtained
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Sex-Biased T-cell Exhaustion Drives Differential Immune Responses in Glioblastoma
Sex differences in glioblastoma (GBM) incidence and outcome are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that these extend to genetic/epigenetic and cellular differences, including immune responses. However, the mechanisms driving immunologic sex differences are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that T cells play a critical role in driving GBM sex differences. Male mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth, with decreased frequency and increased exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Furthermore, a higher frequency of progenitor exhausted T cells was found in males, with improved responsiveness to anti–PD-1 treatment. Moreover, increased T-cell exhaustion was observed in male GBM patients. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer models indicated that T cell–mediated tumor control was predominantly regulated in a cell-intrinsic manner, partially mediated by the X chromosome inactivation escape gene Kdm6a. These findings demonstrate that sex-biased predetermined behavior of T cells is critical for inducing sex differences in GBM progression and immunotherapy response