Cellulase, Pectinase, and Xylanase Production by Listeria sp. ISH 16 using Coffee Pulp Waste Medium

In this study, microbial utilization of coffee pulp waste to produce three carbohydrases (cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase) has been investigated. An isolate Listeria sp. ISH-16 which grown in liquid medium containing 0.5% coffee pulp alkali extract can grow well with density of reach 107 x 58.5 cell/mL. Further, the culture can optimum produced of pectinase after 72 hours incubation at 37oC, but for cellulase and xylanase longer 84 hours incubation needed. The harvested of crude pectinase, cellulase and xylanase had activity 0.15, 0.23, and 0.61 unit/ ml after dialysis, respectively. All enzymes stable at a range of pH 4-5.5, but they work optimum at different pH. Of each enzyme pectinase, cellulase, and xylanase work optimum at pH 5, 4.5, and 5.5. based on these results, it may be adopted as a strategy to produce enzymes with low cost so that further investigation such as large scale and purification enzyme is needed

Perkembangan Bioteknologi di Indonesia

Bioteknologi telah berkembang di Indonesia sejak lama namun cenderung lambat dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor. Faktor pertama adalah minimnya dana penelitian dalam bidang bioteknologi. Penelitian bioteknologi dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk serta pengetahuan tentang bioteknologi. Faktor lain yaitu rendahnya sumber daya manusia, fasilitas dan kebijakan pemerintah yang terkesan memperpanjang proses pemasaran produk rekayasa genetika. Bioteknologi memiliki peranan positif bagi dunia pertanian, kesehatan serta lingkungan. Dalam dunia pertanian, bioteknologi membantu untuk mengurangi krisis pangan, memperbaiki kualitas pangan dan meningkatkan jumlah produksi hasil pertanian. Di bidang kesehatan, bioteknologi dapat mendiagnosis suatu penyakit genetis maupun non genetis serta mengobati penyakit tertentu. Dalam bidang lingkungan, bioteknologi dapat meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan yang telah tercemar seperti remediasi, bioleaching, mengurangi sampah plastik dengan memproduksi bioplastik serta memproduksi pupuk hayati yang ramah lingkungan.Development of Biotechnology in Indonesi

Peran Chaperone Pada Tumbuhan: Mini Review

Plants respond to various conditions in the surrounding environment, whether favorable conditions or vice versa. Abiotic and biotic factors affect plant responses such as temperature, humidity, salinity, insects and pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Plants have a defense system in tolerancing stress from the surrounding environment, for example heat shock protein (HSP) is a chaperone protein that plays a role in plant defenses when experiencing stress to the temperature. HSP is classified into six families based on their molecular weight, namely HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSP. Each has a role in maintaining the stability of plant metabolism. HSP is especially important for correct protein refolding, preventing degradation and denaturation of protein. Key words: plants; chaperone; heat shock protein; refolding; protein denaturation