7,102 research outputs found

    Flight calibration of compensated and uncompensated pitot-static airspeed probes and application of the probes to supersonic cruise vehicles

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    Static pressure position error calibrations for a compensated and an uncompensated XB-70 nose boom pitot static probe were obtained in flight. The methods (Pacer, acceleration-deceleration, and total temperature) used to obtain the position errors over a Mach number range from 0.5 to 3.0 and an altitude range from 25,000 feet to 70,000 feet are discussed. The error calibrations are compared with the position error determined from wind tunnel tests, theoretical analysis, and a standard NACA pitot static probe. Factors which influence position errors, such as angle of attack, Reynolds number, probe tip geometry, static orifice location, and probe shape, are discussed. Also included are examples showing how the uncertainties caused by position errors can affect the inlet controls and vertical altitude separation of a supersonic transport

    The Context of Sexual Risk among African-American Female College Students

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    Objective: To assess the sexually transmitted infection (STI) awareness, sexual risk behaviors, and related contextual factors of African-American female college students. Participants: Eighty-nine African-American first year female students attending a majority public four-year college in the southern U.S. participated in the study in Spring, 2006. Methods: Participants completed an anonymous self-administered paper-and-pencil survey and received a $15 cash incentive. Results: Participants were highly knowledgeable and aware about STIs and their consequences. While this awareness translated into low levels of risk for many, still others engaged in behaviors and maintained beliefs that could potentially put them at high risk for contracting STIs. Conclusions: Given the disproportionate rates of STIs among young African-American females, researchers must not ignore the non-behavioral factors (i.e. beliefs and perceptions) that may influence sexual risk behaviors to help in determining optimal methods for intervention and prevention among young African-American females

    Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction with Traditional Docking Compared to Novel Surgical Techniques

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    Background: Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction (UCLR) is a surgical procedure on one of the main ligaments that provides normal stability for the elbow joint against excessive valgus stress. Damage to this ligament is common in athletes performing overhead throwing activities, primarily baseball players, due to excessive valgus stress during the throwing motion. The most common form of treatment for this type of injury is reconstructive surgery of the ligament, especially if athletes wish to return to sport participation. This type of surgery is extremely invasive and requires extensive post-operative rehabilitation in order to facilitate return to play. To date, many surgical techniques have been proposed and evaluated, but there are no conclusive comparison studies on patient outcomes following UCLR. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze previous studies on UCLR techniques and determine if there is a single superior surgical method leading to improved biomechanical outcomes and decreased failure measures. Our focused clinical question was identifying if the traditional docking technique compared to novel docking techniques during UCLR superior in relation to biomechanical outcomes and failure measures in cadaveric tissue. Methodology: The study design in this paper is a critically appraised topic. Various scholarly databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE and SportDiscus were utilized to search for studies related to UCLR surgical techniques. After an initial search, a list of fifteen relevant studies were identified. Each study was then scrutinized and evaluated to meet predetermined inclusion criteria and a minimum score of 6/9 on the PEDro scale. All studies not meeting these requirements were excluded. This left a total of five articles which were then used to answer the clinical question for this paper. The inclusion criteria involved meeting a cadaveric age of 16-60 y, objective measures of valgus testing, angular displacement, stiffness and modes of failure as post-operative outcomes. Further, we included studies that had a minimum of seven cadaver pairs tested, and studies were required to compare traditional docking to at least one novel technique. Results: All five studies involved compared at least one novel surgical technique to the docking technique. Four studies found no significant overall difference between the native and reconstructed states of any surgical technique. One study found no overall significant difference, but did identify slight differences in biomechanical properties. Discussion: All conclusions from individual studies demonstrate comparable findings between all UCLR techniques. Biomechanics, kinematics and failure modes in the acute stages following surgery in cadavers are similar between UCLR techniques. Despite all that has been done, additional research is still necessary to determine a superior surgical technique

    Increased Access to Information Communication Technologies and Work-Life Balance with K-12 Leaders

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    This qualitative study describes the lived experiences of kindergarten through 12th-grade leaders (K-12) relative to the increased accessibility of information communication technology (ICT) and work-life balance (WLB). Technology has evolved and become more accessible in the 21st century in individuals’ personal and professional lives. Research has shown the impact of ICT in other high demanding professions, with little research available relative to the impact with K-12 leaders. However, the role of the K-12 leader is likewise considered highly demanding with extended work hours. The K-12 leader is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the principalship, being available after hours for meetings and other events, serving as instructional and curriculum leader, and in recent years has been called to take on the role of technology leader. Hence, the purpose of this research was to determine the impact, if any, of the increased access to ICT on K-12 leaders and WLB. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the researcher describes experiences of K-12 principals and WLB relative to the increased access of ICT. K-12 principals describe the experience as one that is overwhelming, includes the role of technology leader, is perceived as both a help and hindrance, and is a position that may benefit from WLB policies. The researcher collected data using semistructured interviews in an online platform called Zoom. The sample consisted of eight K-12 principals from major suburban schools in Texas. The concluding chapter presents key conclusions and implications of this study’s findings, insights, and recommendations. Keywords: boundary theory, ICT, school principal or school leader, stress, WL

    A Comparative Study Of Current Coverages Used In The Defensive Secondary Of Texas Of The University Interscholastic League

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    INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY The defensive secondary has fee come harder and harder to play# Hot that passers are necessarily throwing any straighter, nor the receiver catching any better# but most of the best passing teams have gone to ball control type of passing game*, willing to take a five to ten yard gain and not trying to hit the home rim so often as in the past, since the philosophy has always been to knock down or intercept the long ones and tackle the short ones# this means that to successfully stop the passing game# a team must drop back part of its containing portion of the defense that they count on to combat the running game and try to knock down passes. All football coaches know the importance of good defensive secondary play. Once a runner or pass receiver breaks past the line of scrimmage# the secondary must stop him to prevent a touchdown. Many fine studies have been made concerning the man-for-man phase of secondary coverage and those In the profession have profited Immensely by the contents of these studies. But it has been the feeling for a long time that there is a need for more Information concerning zone coverage for high school teams

    A Case Study: The Effects of Restorative Justice Course on African-American Students in an Urban School.

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    This ethnographic critical case study investigated the usefulness of a restorative justice course as an alternative to punitive discipline in a high school setting, the goal of which was to holistically address ways to effectively deal with conflict, safety and wellness issues of African-American students in an urban high school. The researcher has worked closely with the school and identified the strengths of an under-utilized approach that has the potential to completely eradicate excessive suspensions and expulsions. Given the research purpose of studying a model of discipline with possible replication at other sites, the research approach was that of a single critical case study employing methods of document analysis, observation, and individual interviews. Alternative approaches to discipline in urban school settings is sporadic and is rarely promoted with concerns of its gentle nature and inability to be retributive. For the purposes of this study, the term alternative was used as an umbrella term to encompass the multiple facets of restorative justice and the impact it has on school cultures, differences in organizational practices, mutual engagement, dialogue, negotiation, power, and joint problem solving. While there is growing support for restorative practices in school settings around the globe, the evidence for their effectiveness is somewhat mixed. ii Given the importance of equitable learning as a common strategy in teaching students in an urban environment, this research study attempted to understand in detail the effectiveness of a restorative justice model used successfully in an urban school. The research indicates both students and staff responded positively to the use of restorative practices at this urban high school. Suspensions were limited, the student attendance rate was high, and academic success was above average as compared to other schools in the district. Relationships between students and staff were strong, as well as the relationships between students. Restorative practices were not only used at the high school, but were extended in many of the students’ homes and communities. Moreover, restorative practices were successfully used as an alternative to punitive discipline approaches. The study describes and documents the unfolding of these practices. The focus of the research was to investigate the lived experiences of the 2017-2018 12th grade students and staff at one urban high school that implemented a program of restorative practices with fidelity in order to eliminate excessive suspensions and expulsions. The research extends the study findings to discuss the nature of learning in this context as well as the implications for teachers in facilitating peacekeeping circles and repair harm circles in their classroom

    Perceptions of Educators Regarding the Impact Nonprofits have on Academically Unacceptable Schools in an Urban Louisiana Community: A Case Study

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    This qualitative case study explored the perceptions of educators regarding the impact nonprofit sanctioned programs and services have on schools rated as failing, or academically unacceptable by the Louisiana Department of Education during the 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 school years. The schools represented in this study are in an urban Louisiana community, serving grades K-8. Each of the schools represented in this study partnered with at least four nonprofit agencies that provide services in after school enrichment, community learning centers, fight diversion programs for students, mini grant programs for teachers, and sex respect/teenage pregnancy prevention for middle school campuses. This study is rooted in a conceptual framework that encompasses nonprofit organizations, education reform, and transformational leadership. The research questions that guided this study consisted of determining how educators perceived the impact the aforementioned programs and services have on annual school performance, culture, and climate. Twelve educators participated in individual interviews, two focus group discussions that were separated for elementary and middle school teachers, and surveys. The findings from this study indicated that based on their responses, educator participants were able to adequately identify the impact nonprofits have on the performance, culture, and climate of academically unacceptable schools in an urban Louisiana community

    Best Practices for K-12 District Level Leaders

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    In an ever-evolving time of technology in our society and, more specifically, in our schools, the need for school leaders to equip themselves as technology leaders of the 21st century has approached. While the role of the school principal has included the need for sound instructional strategies and keen managerial styles, this role is changing quickly due to the increased access to information communication technology. Principals are finding themselves strapped with cell phones, ipads, laptops, and other technology tools to meet the ever-demanding needs of the principalship role. Therefore, school district leaders would be wise to investigate and evaluate the pulse of the school principal relative to the technology leader
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