THE EFFECT OF FOOD INGREDIENTS ON THE OXYGEN BARRIER PROPERTIES OF RETORT MATERIALS

An unexplored area in research is addressing how retorted food ingredients interact with retort packaging\u27s oxygen barrier. Ten common food ingredients (whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate, bovine gelatin, fish gelatin, high molecular weight fish gelatin, water, air, oil, potato starch, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were assessed to find their effect on the barrier properties of CPP, PET, and high barrier commercial retort pouches. OxySense Gen III 300 and Mocon OxTran 2/21 were used to evaluate the samples. CPP pouches were first assessed with the OxTran 2/21 and indicated that treatments affected the OTR\u27s of the film materials. However, results from the OxySense show that there is not a difference in oxygen ingress over time. Oil increased film permeability on all pouch materials tested and allowed for a higher OTR and faster oxygen ingress

A Dramaturgical Exploration: Setting Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer in Post-Civil War Virginia

A reputable theatrical company will hire a dramaturg to implement historical research and to provide reputable information where the director or staff desires it. They ensure that the play’s elements are as truthful to the time period as possible and aid in a performance’s overall success. If a theatrical company were to set Oliver Goldsmith’s play She Stoops to Conquer in 1870 Virginia, it could strengthen the play’s underlying religious, political, and cultural elements. The paper is comprised of seven sections: a biography of the playwright, a religious exploration, a political analysis, a cultural comparison, a delineation of suggested script edits, a conclusion, and two illustrated appendices

Method Development for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Heterocycles.

Efforts made to improve the scope of palladium-catalyzed carboetherification and carboamination reactions are illustrated herein, and strategies for overcoming various limitations to the method are discussed. As described in this thesis, the synthesis of bis-, fused- and poly-substituted tetrahydrofurans, 1,3-oxazolidines, benzopyrans and benzoxepines was achieved through the palladium-catalyzing coupling of γ-hydroxy alkenes, O-vinyl-1, 2-amino-alcohols, homoallylphenols and 2-(pent-4-en-1-yl)phenols with aryl and alkenyl halides. The synthesis of the aforementioned heterocycles represents a significant advancement in the methodology toward the synthesis of natural products, especially the annonaceous acetogenins. In Chapter 2, a novel strategy for the synthesis of bis- and fused-tetrahydrofurans is described. Sequential Pd-catalyzed carboetherification reactions were performed to yield bis- and fused-THFs, which enabled access into biologically active compounds such as the annonaceous acetogenins. As described in Chapter 3, the diastereoselectivity of Pd-catalyzed carboetherification reactions of substrates bearing internal alkenes was improved by employing S-Phos, an electron-rich, bulky monodentate biaryl ligand, which promoted reductive elimination and suppressed β-hydride elimination. As a result, poly-substituted tetrahydrofurans were produced in excellent diastereoselectivity, and biologically active compounds possessing this motif, such as Simplakidine A, a cytotoxic marine natural product, may be synthesized using the proposed methodology. In Chapter 4, the synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidines using a catalyst system based on S-Phos is described. The use of S-Phos promoted reductive elimination, which was disfavored due to the presence of electron withdrawing substituents on the substrate. Through the work described in this thesis, 1,3-oxazolidines, an important structural motif in organic synthesis, can be obtained using Pd-catalyzed carboamination reactions. A catalyst system composed of Pd2(dba)3/S-Phos also proved to be useful for the production of benzopyrans, which are common in antioxidants and were previously inaccessible through our methodology. As outlined in Chapter 5, the scope of the methodology was expanded to include homoallylphenols, highlighting the ability of the catalyst to overcome entropic effects and the low nucleophilicity of phenols. Heterocycles containing 6-membered rings were produced in a convergent manner, allowing access into motifs common in biologically active materials. In Chapter 6, the methodology was extended towards benzoxepines, enabling the synthesis of biologically relevant materials.Ph.D.ChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91561/1/amanfran_1.pd

School Leadership and Equity : an examination of policy response in Scotland

In this paper we adopt a critical perspective on the implementation of policy on school leadership and equity in Scotland, viewing policy as both an attempt to solve problems and an attempt to persuade social actors to subscribe to particular beliefs that delineate action. We begin by offering a definition of “policy response”, and then examine how policy “conversations” establish consensus around such things as school leadership and equity. We examine Scottish policy on school leadership and equity and consider what practices this policy does, and does not permit. In so doing, our examination of the implementation of policy on school leadership and equity in Scotland acknowledges that such policy is in part extemporized, and in part the attempt to make inevitable a “de-stated” account of governance. We conclude by contextualising our forthcoming empirical study of the Leadership Standards for Social Justice in Scotlan

Soil P Status and Nitrogen Fixation on Organic Dairy Farms in Ontario and Nova Scotia

Legumes are a key source of nitrogen (N) in organic production systems. However, there is evidence that reduced inputs may be leading to deficient soil phosphorus (P) on some organic dairy farms (Roberts et. al. 2008). This may affect crop performance and N fixation in forage legumes. This study aims to gauge the relationship between soil P dynamics in organic dairy systems and legume biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The study has two main sub-projects: 1. A field survey of soil-test P and legume forage productivity and N fixation on dairy farms in Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canada. 2. Growth chamber and greenhouse studies examining: a) The role of P nutrition in legume growth and N fixation, and b) The P-supplying power of composts, struvite, and a rock P source. Field data was commenced in the 2008 season, and was completed in 2009. Growth chamber and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2009. Analyses of 2009 samples are not complete at the report date

Measurement of Perceived School Climate for Active Travel in Children.

Objectives : To describe the development of an original scale that measures perceived school climate for active travel in fourth- and fifth-grade girls and boys. Methods : The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to provide evidence of factorial validity, factorial invariance, and construct validity. Results : The CFA supported the fit of a 3-factor (encouragement, praise, and importance) correlated model for the school climate for active travel measure. This hierarchical model was invariant between sex and across a 7-month time period, and initial evidence for construct validity was provided. Conclusions : School climate for active travel is a measurable construct, and preliminary evidence suggests relationships with more support for active travel from friends and family

A comparative review of palliative care development in six countries represented by the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC)

Palliative care development and services were reviewed in the region represented by the six members of the Middle East Cancer Consortium: Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, and Turkey. The multimethod review synthesized evidence from ethnographic field visits to inpatient units, home care hospice teams and free-standing hospices, including interviews with hospice and palliative care clinicians, administrators, volunteers, policy makers and academic researchers. Public health data and relevant literature were collated together with internet-accessed information on services and health care systems. A total of 69 services were located; two country members have a history of relatively sustained development of hospice and palliative care, but provision across the Middle East Cancer Consortium region is highly variable at a local level. Considerable barriers to service development were identified in a region already struggling with many military and political conflicts. Key problems are a lack of secure funds and government support, inadequate professional training programs, opioid phobia in professionals and the public, and a lack of awareness and understanding of palliative care needs at public, government, and professional levels. Key areas for further attention were increasing national and international professional training and public education programs, improving opioid legislation and health care policies, negotiating for secure government or health insurance funding provision, raising awareness about the need for pediatric services and for patients with other illnesses, as well as for those with cancer, and working to integrate palliative care into mainstream health service provision and education