A uniformizable spherical CR structure on a two-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold

Let $\langle I_{1}, I_{2}, I_{3}\rangle$ be the complex hyperbolic $(4,4,\infty)$ triangle group. In this paper we give a proof of a conjecture of Schwartz for $\langle I_{1}, I_{2}, I_{3}\rangle$. That is $\langle I_{1}, I_{2}, I_{3}\rangle$ is discrete and faithful if and only if $I_1I_3I_2I_3$ is nonelliptic. When $I_1I_3I_2I_3$ is parabolic, we show that the even subgroup $\langle I_2 I_3, I_2I_1 \rangle$ is the holonomy representation of a uniformizable spherical CR structure on the two-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold $s782$ in SnapPy notation

In situ extracting organic-bound calcium:A novel approach to mitigating organic fouling in forward osmosis treating wastewater via gradient diffusion thin-films

Forward osmosis (FO) has gained increasing interests in wastewater treatment and reclamation. However, membrane fouling has become one major obstacle hindering FO application. A novel mitigation approach for FO membrane fouling via in situ extracting Ca 2+ binding with the organic foulants using the gradient diffusion thin-films (DGT) was proposed in this study. The DGT could effectively adsorb the Ca 2+ binding with the sodium alginate via the chelation of the Chelex functional groups, and its adsorption amount of Ca 2+ correspondingly increased as a function of the Ca 2+ concentration in the feed solution. Owing to the extraction of Ca 2+ from the fouling layer by the DGT, the FO membrane fouling was effectively mitigated evident by significant enhancement of water flux, and at the same time, foulants became easily removed by physical cleaning. The alleviation of FO membrane fouling by the DGT could be attributed to the fact that the structure of the fouling layer became more porous and looser after in situ removing Ca 2+ from the alginate-Ca 2+ gel networks. The feasibility of fouling control strategy via in situ removing Ca 2+ binding with the foulants in the fouling layer was demonstrated, which provides new insights into fouling control mechanisms during FO treating wastewater. </p

EDTA-based adsorption layer for mitigating FO membrane fouling via in situ removing calcium binding with organic foulants

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for wastewater treatment and reclamation. However, membrane fouling remains a strong hindrance to FO application. We proposed a novel approach for alleviating FO membrane fouling via in situ removing Ca 2+ binding with organic foulants using the EDTA-based adsorption layer. Results suggested that the EDTA-based adsorption layer can effectively remove the Ca 2+ binding with sodium alginate, and its adsorption capacity correspondingly increased as a function of Ca 2+ concentration in the feed solution. Owing to the effective extraction of Ca 2+ from the fouling layer by the EDTA-based adsorption layer, water flux of FO membrane was significantly enhanced, and fouling layer became easily removed by physical flushing, suggesting a remarkable alleviation of FO membrane fouling. Mitigation of FO membrane fouling by the EDTA-based adsorption layer was attributed to the fact that the fouling layer structure became more porous and looser after in situ removing Ca 2+ from the alginate-Ca 2+ gel networks. This study demonstrated a novel fouling control strategy via in situ removing Ca 2+ binding with the organic foulants, providing a new avenue for FO membrane fouling management. </p

Influence of Healing Period Upon Bone Turn Over on Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Grafted Solely with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral: A Prospective Human Histological and Clinical Trial

PurposeTo investigate the influence of maturation timing upon histological, histomorphometric and clinical outcomes when deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) was used as a sole biomaterial for staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA).Materials and methodsPatients with a posterior edentulous maxillary situation and a vertical bone height ≤ 4 mm were included in this study. A staged MSFA was carried out. After MSFA with DBBM as a sole grafting material, biopsy cores were harvested with simultaneous implant placement followed by a healing period of 5, 8, and 11 months, respectively. Micro‐CT, histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled and 38 bone core biopsies were harvested. Significantly greater BV/TV was observed between 5‐ and 8‐month healing from micro‐CT analysis. Histomorphometric analyses showed the ratio of mineralized newly formed bone increased slightly from 5 to 11 months; however, no statistically significant difference was reached (p = .409). Residual bone substitute decreased from 37.3 ± 5.04% to 20.6 ± 7.45%, achieving a statistical significant difference from of 5 up to 11 months (p < .01). Moreover, no implant failure, biological or technical complication occurred after 12‐month follow‐up of functional loading.ConclusionDBBM utilized as sole grafting material in staged MSFA demonstrated to be clinically effective regardless of the healing period. Histomorphometrical and micro‐CT assessments revealed that at later stages of healing (8 and 11 months) there is a higher proportion of newly‐bone formation compared to earlier stages (5 months). Moreover, the longer the maturation period, the substantially lesser remaining biomaterial could be expected. Even though, these facts did not seem to negatively impact on the implant prognosis 1‐year after loading.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136437/1/cid12463_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136437/2/cid12463.pd