286 research outputs found
BILINGUALISM POLICY IN SINGAPORE ELITE SCHOOLS
The Singapore government has been promoting the mastery of the English language as well as the mother tongue since 1987 in the hope that Singaporeans can be fluent in both the working language and one related to their native roots. From then on, all Chinese schools are required to teach in the English language, and English is officially known as the first language of all students. This paper aims to study the policy’s background, specifically in the area of Mandarin, and find out whether this policy has managed to achieve its goals, how it has affected Singapore students’ language development in elite schools, how to improve the policy to benefit students in the future as well as provide some implications for enhancing Chinese teaching pedagogy.Keywords: Mother tongue, the English Language, elite school, Chinese teaching pedagogy
Bilingualism policy in Singapore elite schools
The Singapore government has been promoting the mastery of the English language as well as the mother tongue since 1987 in the hope that Singaporeans can be fluent in both the working language and one related to their native roots. From then on, all Chinese schools are required to teach in the English language, and English is officially known as the first language of all students. This paper aims to study the policy’s background, specifically in the area of Mandarin, and find out whether this policy has managed to achieve its goals, how it has affected Singapore students’ language development in elite schools, how to improve the policy to benefit students in the future as well as provide some implications for enhancing Chinese teaching pedagogy
3-(Diphenylmethylidene)indolin-2-one
The title molecule, C21H15NO, has an indoline-2-one and two benzene substituent groups which are arranged in a propeller-like fashion around the central C atom. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 73.32 (16)° and those between the benzene rings and the indoline-2-one group are 76.54 (14) and 67.69 (14)°. In the crystal, there is an intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interaction, which links the molecules into chains extending along c
Real-time Data Flow Control for CBM-TOF Super Module Quality Evaluation
Super module assembled with MRPC detectors is the component unit of TOF (Time
of Flight) system for the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment. Quality
of super modules needs to be evaluated before it is applied in CBM-TOF. Time
signals exported from super module are digitalized at TDC (Time to Digital
Converter) station. Data rate is up to 6 Gbps at each TDC station, which brings
a tremendous pressure for data transmission in real time. In this paper, a
real-time data flow control method is designed. In this control method, data
flow is divided into 3 types: scientific data flow, status data flow and
control data flow. In scientific data flow, data of each TDC station is divided
into 4 sub-flows, and then is read out by a parallel and hierarchical network,
which consists of multiple readout mother boards and daughter boards groups. In
status data flow, status data is aggregated into a specific readout mother
board. Then it is uploaded to DAQ via readout daughter board. In control data
flow, control data is downloaded to all circuit modules in the opposite
direction of status data flow. Preliminary test result indicated data of STS
was correctly transmitted to DAQ with no error and three type data flows were
control orderly in real time. This data flow control method can meet the
quality evaluation requirement of supper module in CBM-TOF
Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding
Millipede assassin bugs are a diverse group of specialized millipede predators. However,
the feeding behavior of Ectrichodiinae remains poorly known, especially how the mouthpart structures
relate to various functions in feeding. In this study, fine morphology of the mouthparts and feeding
performance of Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål, 1867) was observed and described in detail for the
first time. The triangular labrum is divided by a conspicuous transverse membrane into a strongly
sclerotized basilabrum and a less sclerotized distilabrum. Fifteen types of sensilla are distributed on
the mouthparts. Each mandibular stylet has an expanded spatulate apex and about 150 approximately
transverse ridges on the external middle side; these help in penetrating the ventral trunk area and the
intersegmental membranes of millipede prey. The right maxilla is tapered. On the internal surface are
a row dorsal short bristles near the apex and a row of ventral bristles preapically. A longitudinal row
of long lamellate structures extend proximate for a considerable distance, lie entirely within the food
canal, and bear several short spines and short bristles. There is no obvious di erence between males
and females in the distribution, number, and types of sensilla on mouthparts. The adult feeding
process involves several steps, including searching and capturing prey, paralyzing prey, a resting
phase, and a feeding phase. The evolution of the mouthpart morphology and the putative functional
significance of their sensilla are discussed, providing insight into the structure and function of the
mouthparts adapted for millipede feeding
Distance-Restricted Folklore Weisfeiler-Leman GNNs with Provable Cycle Counting Power
The ability of graph neural networks (GNNs) to count certain graph
substructures, especially cycles, is important for the success of GNNs on a
wide range of tasks. It has been recently used as a popular metric for
evaluating the expressive power of GNNs. Many of the proposed GNN models with
provable cycle counting power are based on subgraph GNNs, i.e., extracting a
bag of subgraphs from the input graph, generating representations for each
subgraph, and using them to augment the representation of the input graph.
However, those methods require heavy preprocessing, and suffer from high time
and memory costs. In this paper, we overcome the aforementioned limitations of
subgraph GNNs by proposing a novel class of GNNs -- -Distance-Restricted
FWL(2) GNNs, or -DRFWL(2) GNNs. -DRFWL(2) GNNs use node pairs whose
mutual distances are at most as the units for message passing to balance
the expressive power and complexity. By performing message passing among
distance-restricted node pairs in the original graph, -DRFWL(2) GNNs avoid
the expensive subgraph extraction operations in subgraph GNNs, making both the
time and space complexity lower. We theoretically show that the discriminative
power of -DRFWL(2) GNNs strictly increases as increases. More
importantly, -DRFWL(2) GNNs have provably strong cycle counting power even
with : they can count all 3, 4, 5, 6-cycles. Since 6-cycles (e.g., benzene
rings) are ubiquitous in organic molecules, being able to detect and count them
is crucial for achieving robust and generalizable performance on molecular
tasks. Experiments on both synthetic datasets and molecular datasets verify our
theory. To the best of our knowledge, our model is the most efficient GNN model
to date (both theoretically and empirically) that can count up to 6-cycles
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