RORS: Enhanced Rule-based OWL Reasoning on Spark

The rule-based OWL reasoning is to compute the deductive closure of an ontology by applying RDF/RDFS and OWL entailment rules. The performance of the rule-based OWL reasoning is often sensitive to the rule execution order. In this paper, we present an approach to enhancing the performance of the rule-based OWL reasoning on Spark based on a locally optimal executable strategy. Firstly, we divide all rules (27 in total) into four main classes, namely, SPO rules (5 rules), type rules (7 rules), sameAs rules (7 rules), and schema rules (8 rules) since, as we investigated, those triples corresponding to the first three classes of rules are overwhelming (e.g., over 99% in the LUBM dataset) in our practical world. Secondly, based on the interdependence among those entailment rules in each class, we pick out an optimal rule executable order of each class and then combine them into a new rule execution order of all rules. Finally, we implement the new rule execution order on Spark in a prototype called RORS. The experimental results show that the running time of RORS is improved by about 30% as compared to Kim & Park's algorithm (2015) using the LUBM200 (27.6 million triples).Comment: 12 page

Smart worm-like micelles responsive to CO₂/N₂ and light dual stimuli

CO₂/N₂ and light dual stimuli-reponsive worm-like micelles (WLMs) were obtained by addition of a relatively small amount of a switchable surfactant, 4-butyl-4´-(4-N,N-dimethylhexyloxy-amine) azobenzene bicarbonate (AZO-B6-CO₂), sensitive to the same triggers into a binary aqueous solution of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium salycilate (NaSal)

Tail Bounds on the Spectral Norm of Sub-Exponential Random Matrices

Let $X$ be an $n\times n$ symmetric random matrix with independent but non-identically distributed entries. The deviation inequalities of the spectral norm of $X$ with Gaussian entries have been obtained by using the standard concentration of Gaussian measure results. This paper establishes an upper tail bound of the spectral norm of $X$ with sub-Exponential entries. Our method relies upon a crucial ingredient of a novel chaining argument that essentially involves both the particular structure of the sets used for the chaining and the distribution of coordinates of a point on the unit sphere.Comment: 18page

Deviation Inequalities on the Spectral Norm of Products of Random and Deterministic Matrices

We study the spectral norm of matrices $BA$, where $A$ is a random matrix with independent mean zero subexponential entries, and $B$ is a fixed matrix. We show that the spectral norm of such an $m\times n$ matrix $BA$ exceeds $\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{m}$ with an exponential decay probability. Applying this result, we prove an estimate of the smallest singular value of a random subexponential matrix using an argument in the previous work of Rudelson and Vershynin.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0812.2432, arXiv:0802.3956 by other author

The Excitation of Guided-waves by Underground Point Source: an Investigation with Theoretical Seismograms

AbstractNear-Source scattering of Rg into S appears to be the primary contributor to the low-frequency Lg. The authors further suggest that the prominent low-frequency spectral null in Lg is due to Rg from a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) source, and the low-frequency null in Rg excitation is due to a zero-crossing of the horizontal displacement eigenfunctions. In this study, the mechanism of the excitation of Lg from explosions in layered earth structures are analyzed with theoretical seismograms. Our result shows that the CLVD source generates prominent Lg waves,and the null in the Lg spectra showing remarkably good agreement with those expected from Rg due to a CLVD source. We conclude that the derivative of displacement eigenfunction also takes a key role in the excitation of the null, only zero-crossing of the horizantall displacement eigenfunction can not fully explain it

Intraperitoneal Injection is Not Always a Suitable Alternative to Intravenous Injection for Radiotherapy

Abstract Intraperitoneal (IP) injection is frequently reported to be as effective as intravenous (IV) injection. Because it allows administering a larger volume with more radioactivity, we have investigated this route and the possibility of using it to circumvent the volume constraint we earlier experienced with pretargeting radiotherapy. Using 99mTc as the label, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the cMORF effector (a DNA analogue) was evaluated after IP or IV injection in normal mice by necropsy and SPECT/CT imaging. In another experiment, nude mice bearing tumors were used and they received MORF-CC49 pretargeting antibody IV 2 days earlier than labeled cMORF IV or IP. Tumor accumulations of cMORF were measured at 6 hours after its injections. The absorbed radiation doses for 188Re or 90Y pretargeting were estimated using the 99mTc data and a self-absorbed model. Although the absorbed radiation doses to other organs were comparable, the dose to intestines after IP injection was 30-fold higher than IV injection due to the slow entry into the circulation. It had reached such a level as high as the dose to the kidneys that cleared the radioactivity and usually were at the highest level. Nevertheless, the slow entry did not reduce the tumor accumulation. In conclusion, using IP in place of IV led to an unacceptably high absorbed radiation dose to the intestines although the tumor accumulation was not compromised. This effect may be applicable to other radiotherapeutic agents as well

Learning Better with Less: Effective Augmentation for Sample-Efficient Visual Reinforcement Learning

Data augmentation (DA) is a crucial technique for enhancing the sample efficiency of visual reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Notably, employing simple observation transformations alone can yield outstanding performance without extra auxiliary representation tasks or pre-trained encoders. However, it remains unclear which attributes of DA account for its effectiveness in achieving sample-efficient visual RL. To investigate this issue and further explore the potential of DA, this work conducts comprehensive experiments to assess the impact of DA's attributes on its efficacy and provides the following insights and improvements: (1) For individual DA operations, we reveal that both ample spatial diversity and slight hardness are indispensable. Building on this finding, we introduce Random PadResize (Rand PR), a new DA operation that offers abundant spatial diversity with minimal hardness. (2) For multi-type DA fusion schemes, the increased DA hardness and unstable data distribution result in the current fusion schemes being unable to achieve higher sample efficiency than their corresponding individual operations. Taking the non-stationary nature of RL into account, we propose a RL-tailored multi-type DA fusion scheme called Cycling Augmentation (CycAug), which performs periodic cycles of different DA operations to increase type diversity while maintaining data distribution consistency. Extensive evaluations on the DeepMind Control suite and CARLA driving simulator demonstrate that our methods achieve superior sample efficiency compared with the prior state-of-the-art methods.Comment: NeurIPS 2023 poste

Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Minyak Nigella Sativa Dan Kombinasinya Dengan Seftriakson Terhadap Jumlah Kuman Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) Pada Kultur Limpa Mencit Balb/c

Background: Levels of serum albumin can be used as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Reduced serum albumin concentration can be caused by oxidative modification due to aging or insufficient protein intake. SOD as an enzymatic antioxidant might prevent oxidative stress so that albumin modification process can be inhibited. SOD supplementation was expected to increase serum albumin levels.Aim: To prove the effect of Nigella sativa oil and its combination with ceftriaxone toward MRSA count in BALB/c mice\u27s spleen culture.Methods: This was true laboratory experimental study with post test only control group design. The samples were 20 males BALB/c mice, randomized into 4 groups. Control was given 0,03 ml aquabidest injected intraperitoneally, P1 was given 0,03 ml ceftriaxone injected intraperitoneally, P2 was given 0,3 ml Nigella sativa oil orally and P3 was given the combination of 0,03 ml ceftriaxone and 0,3 ml Nigella sativa oil. 0,2 ml (107 cfu/ml) MRSA was injected intraperitoneally at the hour 0. The treatment was given at the hour 16 and mice were terminated at the hour 24. Kruskall-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test is used to analyze the data.Results: Results of the mean number of MRSA bacteria in spleen culture were K=124x103 160,70x103; P1=24,08x103 26,53x103; P2=0,78x103 1,52x103; P3=6,05x103 13,38x103. The number of MRSA bacteria decreased significantly between control group compared to P2 (p=0,016) and P3 (p=0,046) and P1 compared to P2 (p=0,016) and P3 (p=0,047). There were no significance between control compared to P1 (p=0,674) and P2 toward P3 (p=0,596).Conclusion: Administration of Nigella sativa oil and its combination with ceftriaxone can decrease the number of MRSA bacteria in BALB/c mice\u27s spleen cultures