2,2′-[Ethane-1,2-diylbis(sulfanedi­yl)]bis­(pyridine N-oxide)

The tile compound, C12H12N2O2S2, lies on an inversion center. The two pyridyl rings are parallel to each other. The structure is devoid of any classical hydrogen bonds due to lack of appropriate donors and acceptors for such bonds. However, non-classical hydrogen bonds of the types C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S stabilize the structure

The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is a reliable indicator for evaluating complications of chronic kidney disease and progression in IgA nephropathy in China

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the correlation between the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the urine and 24-hour urine proteinuria and whether the ratio can predict chronic kidney disease progression even more reliably than 24-hour proteinuria can, particularly in primary IgA nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 182 patients with primary IgA nephropathy were evaluated. Their mean urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour proteinuria were determined during hospitalization. Blood samples were also analyzed. Follow-up data were recorded for 44 patients. A cross-sectional study was then conducted to test the correlation between these parameters and their associations with chronic kidney disease complications. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was employed to assess the correlation between baseline proteinuria and parameters of the Oxford classification. Finally, a prospective observational study was performed to evaluate the association between proteinuria and clinical outcomes. Our study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and the registration number is ChiCTR-OCH-14005137. RESULTS: A strong correlation (r=0.81,

Bis[μ-4-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl­methyl­sulfan­yl)pyrimidine-κN 1]bis­[(trifluoro­methanesulfonato-κO)silver(I)]

In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Ag2(CF3SO3)2(C11H11N3S)2], the AgI atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two 4-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl­methyl­sulfan­yl)pyrimidine ligands and one O atom from a trifluoro­methane­sulfonate anion in a distorted T-type coordination geometry. The ligand adopts a bidentate bridging coordination mode through one pyridyl N atom and one pyrimidine N atom. In the crystal structure, π–π inter­actions are present between adjacent pyrimidine rings, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.875 (7) Å

Few-Mode Fibers With Uniform Differential Mode Group Delay for Microwave Photonic Signal Processing

We present a novel design of few-mode fiber (FMF) with a uniform differential mode group delay (U-DMGD) among propagating modes and apply the FMF to a single-fiber delay line module for implementing microwave photonic finite impulse response (FIR) filters. By optimizing key parameters such as the core grading exponent and the dimension of the trench of FMF, a U-DMGD between adjacent modes among four modes (LP 01 , LP 11 , LP 02 and LP 31 ) over the entire C band is achieved. Wavelength dependence is entirely removed. An FIR microwave photonic filter (MPF) implemented using the designed 1-km FMF is investigated through numerical simulations. The free spectral range (FSR) of the MPF is 5.7 GHz, the 3-dB bandwidth is 1.26 GHz, and the main lobe-to-side lobe ratio (MSR) is 10.42 dB. Discussions on fabrication aspects have also been presented. The proposed single-fiber delay line structure based on FMF can significantly reduce the system complexity of microwave photonic signal processing

Height-diameter equations for sixteen tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon

Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters can use these "height-diameter" equations to avoid the time consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because site index can influence height, alternative equations including transformations of site index as an independent variable also are presented for 6 of these 16 species