HPLC Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Homoeriodictyol-7-O-â- D- glucopyranoside in Rat Plasma and Tissues

Homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HEDT-Glu) was isolated from Viscum coloratum and identified by MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. A HPLC method was developed for determination of HEDT-Glu in rat plasma and tissues. All biological samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetone. Vanillin was selected as internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–water–glacial acetic acid (45 : 55 : 0.5, v/v/v). Good linearity were observed over the concentration ranges of 0.1—200.0 μg·ml−1 in rat plasma and 0.05—5.0 μg·ml−1 in tissues. Both intra- and inter-day precisions of HEDT-Glu, expressed as the relative standard deviation, were less than 13.1%. Accuracy, expressed as the relative error, ranged from −0.8 to 5.4% in plasma and from −5.6 to 9.4% in tissues. The mean extraction recovery of HEDT-Glu was above 73.17% in biological samples. The described assay method was successfully applied to the pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study of HEDT-Glu. After intravenous administration of HEDT-Glu to rat, AUC and CLtot were 16.04±3.19 μg·h·ml−1 and 0.85±0.17 l·kg−1·h−1, respectively. T1/2,α and t1/2,β were 0.06±0.01 h and 1.27±0.31 h, respectively. HEDT-Glu was cleared from the blood and mainly distributed to the liver and small intestine

A Unified Approach to the Classical Statistical Analysis of Small Signals

We give a classical confidence belt construction which unifies the treatment of upper confidence limits for null results and two-sided confidence intervals for non-null results. The unified treatment solves a problem (apparently not previously recognized) that the choice of upper limit or two-sided intervals leads to intervals which are not confidence intervals if the choice is based on the data. We apply the construction to two related problems which have recently been a battle-ground between classical and Bayesian statistics: Poisson processes with background, and Gaussian errors with a bounded physical region. In contrast with the usual classical construction for upper limits, our construction avoids unphysical confidence intervals. In contrast with some popular Bayesian intervals, our intervals eliminate conservatism (frequentist coverage greater than the stated confidence) in the Gaussian case and reduce it to a level dictated by discreteness in the Poisson case. We generalize the method in order to apply it to analysis of experiments searching for neutrino oscillations. We show that this technique both gives correct coverage and is powerful, while other classical techniques that have been used by neutrino oscillation search experiments fail one or both of these criteria.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figures. Changes 15-Dec-99 to agree more closely with published version. A few small changes, plus the two substantive changes we made in proof back in 1998: 1) The definition of "sensitivity" in Sec. V(C). It was inconsistent with our actual definition in Sec. VI. 2) "Note added in proof" at end of the Conclusio

Partial wave analysis of J/psi to p pbar pi0

Using a sample of 58 million $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, more than 100,000 $J/\psi \to p\bar p \pi^0$ events are selected, and a detailed partial wave analysis is performed. The branching fraction is determined to be $Br(J/\psi \to p \bar p \pi^0)=(1.33 \pm 0.02 \pm 0.11) \times 10^{-3}$. A long-sought `missing' $N^*$, first observed in $J/\psi \to p \bar n \pi^-$, is observed in this decay too, with mass and width of $2040_{-4}^{+3}\pm 25$ MeV/c$^2$ and $230_{-8}^{+8}\pm 52$ MeV/c$^2$, respectively. Its spin-parity favors ${3/2}^+$. The masses, widths, and spin-parities of other $N^*$ states are obtained as well.Comment: Add one author nam

Observation of Y(2175) in J/ψ→ηϕf0(980)J/\psi\to \eta\phi f_0(980)

The decays of $J/\psi\to \eta\phi f_0(980) (\eta\to \gamma\gamma, \phi \to K^+K^-, f_0(980)\to\pi^+\pi^-)$ are analyzed using a sample of $5.8 \times 10^{7}$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC). A structure at around $2.18$GeV/$c^2$ with about $5\sigma$ significance is observed in the $\phi f_0(980)$ invariant mass spectrum. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function gives the peak mass and width of $m=2.186\pm 0.010 (stat)\pm 0.006 (syst)$GeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma=0.065\pm 0.023 (stat)\pm 0.017 (syst)$GeV/$c^2$, respectively, that are consistent with those of Y(2175), observed by the BABAR collaboration in the initial-state radiation (ISR) process $e^+e^-\to\gamma_{ISR}\phi f_0(980)$. The production branching ratio is determined to be $Br(J/\psi\to\eta Y(2175))\cdot Br(Y(2175)\to\phi f_0(980))\cdot Br(f_0(980)\to\pi^+\pi^-)=(3.23\pm 0.75 (stat)\pm0.73 (syst))\times 10^{-4}$, assuming that the Y(2175) is a $1^{--}$ state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Tourists as Mobile Gamers: Gamification for Tourism Marketing

Gaming as a cutting-edge concept has recently been used by some innovative tourism sectors as a marketing tool and as a method of deeper engagement with visitors. This research aims to explore the gamification trend and its potential for experience development and tourism marketing. Using a focus group, this paper discusses gaming and tourism, and explores what drives tourists to play games. The results suggest tourists’ game playing motivation is multidimensional. Players tend to start with purposive information seeking, then move on to an intrinsic stimulation. Socialization is also an important dimension. The research demonstrates several implications for tourism marketing

Reconstructing the properties of dark energy from recent observations

We explore the properties of dark energy from recent observational data, including the Gold Sne Ia, the baryonic acoustic oscillation peak from SDSS, the CMB shift parameter from WMAP3, the X-ray gas mass fraction in cluster and the Hubble parameter versus redshift. The $\Lambda CDM$ model with curvature and two parameterized dark energy models are studied. For the $\Lambda CDM$ model, we find that the flat universe is consistent with observations at the $1\sigma$ confidence level and a closed universe is slightly favored by these data. For two parameterized dark energy models, with the prior given on the present matter density, $\Omega_{m0}$, with $\Omega_{m0}=0.24$, $\Omega_{m0}=0.28$ and $\Omega_{m0}=0.32$, our result seems to suggest that the trend of $\Omega_{m0}$ dependence for an evolving dark energy from a combination of the observational data sets is model-dependent.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, To appear in JCA

Observation of χc1\chi_{c1} decays into vector meson pairs ϕϕ\phi\phi, ωω\omega\omega, and ωϕ\omega\phi

Decays of $\chi_{c1}$ to vector meson pairs $\phi\phi$, $\omega\omega$ and $\omega\phi$ are observed for the first time using $(106\pm4)\times 10^6$ \psip events accumulated at the BESIII detector at the BEPCII $e^+e^-$ collider. The branching fractions are measured to be $(4.4\pm 0.3\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-4}$, $(6.0\pm 0.3\pm 0.7)\times 10^{-4}$, and $(2.2\pm 0.6\pm 0.2)\times 10^{-5}$, for $\chi_{c1}\to \phi\phi$, $\omega\omega$, and $\omega\phi$, respectively. The observation of $\chi_{c1}$ decays into a pair of vector mesons $\phi\phi$, $\omega\omega$ and $\omega\phi$ indicates that the hadron helicity selection rule is significantly violated in $\chi_{cJ}$ decays. In addition, the measurement of $\chi_{cJ}\to \omega\phi$ gives the rate of doubly OZI-suppressed decay. Branching fractions for $\chi_{c0}$ and $\chi_{c2}$ decays into other vector meson pairs are also measured with improved precision.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

First Observation of the Decays chi_{cJ} -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0

We present a study of the P-wave spin -triplet charmonium chi_{cJ} decays (J=0,1,2) into pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0. The analysis is based on 106 million \psiprime decays recorded with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron positron collider. The decay into the pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 hadronic final state is observed for the first time. We measure the branching fractions B(chi_{c0} -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0)=(3.34 +- 0.06 +- 0.44)*10^{-3}, B(chi_{c1} -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0)=(0.57 +- 0.03 +- 0.08)*10^{-3}, and B(chi_{c2} -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 pi^0)=(1.21 +- 0.05 +- 0.16)*10^{-3}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematical, respectively.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Study of χcJ\chi_{cJ} radiative decays into a vector meson

The decays $\chi_{cJ}\to\gamma V$ ($V=\phi, \rho^0, \omega$) are studied with a sample of radiative \psip\to\gamma\chi_{cJ} events in a sample of (1.06\pm0.04)\times 10^{8} \psip events collected with the BESIII detector. The branching fractions are determined to be: ${\cal B}(\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\phi)=(25.8\pm 5.2\pm 2.3)\times 10^{-6}$, ${\cal B}(\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\rho^0)=(228\pm 13\pm 22)\times 10^{-6}$, and ${\cal B}(\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\omega)=(69.7\pm 7.2\pm 6.6)\times 10^{-6}$. The decay $\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\phi$ is observed for the first time. Upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the branching fractions for $\chi_{c0}$ and \chict decays into these final states are determined. In addition, the fractions of the transverse polarization component of the vector meson in $\chi_{c1}\to \gamma V$ decays are measured to be $0.29_{-0.12-0.09}^{+0.13+0.10}$ for $\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\phi$, $0.158\pm 0.034^{+0.015}_{-0.014}$ for $\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\rho^0$, and $0.247_{-0.087-0.026}^{+0.090+0.044}$ for $\chi_{c1}\to \gamma\omega$, respectively. The first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Semimetallic carbon allotrope with topological nodal line in mixed sp2sp^2-sp3sp^3 bonding networks

Graphene is known as a two-dimensional Dirac semimetal, in which electron states are described by the Dirac equation of relativistic quantum mechanics. Three-dimensional analogues of graphene are characterized by Dirac points or lines in momentum space, which are protected by symmetry. Here, we report a novel 3D carbon allotrope belonging to a class of topological nodal line semimetals, discovered by using an evolutionary structure search method. The new carbon phase in monoclinic $C$2$/m$ space group, termed $m$-$C_8$, consists of five-membered rings with $sp^3$ bonding interconnected by $sp^2$-bonded carbon networks. Enthalpy calculations reveal that $m$-$C_8$ is more favorable over recently reported topological semimetallic carbon allotropes, and the dynamical stability of $m$-$C_8$ is verified by phonon spectra and molecular dynamics simulations. Simulated x-ray diffraction spectra propose that $m$-$C_8$ would be one of the unidentified carbon phases observed in detonation shoot. The analysis of electronic properties indicates that $m$-$C_8$ exhibits the nodal line protected by both inversion and time-reversal symmetries in the absence of spin-orbit coupling and the surface band connecting the projected nodal points. Our results may help design new carbon allotropes with exotic electronic properties.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure