The Effects Of Multimedia And Modality Principles On Vocabulary Learning Among Form Four Students

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kesan Prinsip Multimedia dan Modaliti berdasarkan tahap penguasaan pelajar Tingkatan Empat terhadap pembelajaran perbendaharaan kata This study investigated the effects of Multimedia and Modality Principles via multimedia glosses on immediate vocabulary learning and vocabulary retention among Form Four students with different proficiency level

A study on the comparison population abundance of Oryctes rhinoceros in mature and immature on untreated oil palm / Wan Abdul Adziim Wan Azman

Rhinoceros beetles is one of the insect pest that attack oil palm and causing severe damage especially to immature oil palm. The infestation in high density of the beetles will reduce the oil palms‟ yield and economic loss to grower. A study in Melaka at share farm‟s UiTM Jasin and PPMSB was conducted to assess the population abundance of Oryctes rhinoceros in mature and immature oil palm using pheromone trap of ethyl-4-methylloctanoate. The data were collected weekly for about 3 months. The traps were applied using completely randomized design of experimental design with 4 replications for each plant age plot. Total beetles captured has been recorded to analyze their population in both stages. Each of the beetles has been identified their gender to evaluate their relationship with oil palms‟ age. Result shown that there was a significant difference (P 0.05) relationship between beetles‟ gender and oil palm age using Pearson‟s correlation. The study found that population of rhinoceros beetle in immature oil palm always exceed the population in mature oil palm. At the same time it was found that female Oryctes always dominated in all stages of oil palm. However, it was found that when female Oryctes in immature oil palm increase, the male in mature oil palm also increase. The infestation level in immature oil palm was higher compared to mature oil palm

Three empirical essays on foreign direct investment, research and development, and insurance

This dissertation consists of three independent essays, all of which are empirical treatmentsof different determinants of economic growth.The first essay, which is in Chapter 2, evaluates the role economic freedom playsin mediating the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth. It tests whethercountries with sufficiently high level of economic freedom can exploit FDI more efficiently. Ituses cross-country observations from 84 countries for the 1976-2005 period. It applies athreshold regression which is flexible enough to accommodate the possibility that theimpact of FDI on growth ‘kicks in’ only when the level of economic freedom exceeds someunknown threshold. The results show that FDI has no direct (linear) effect on output growth.Instead, its impact is conditional on the level of economic freedom in the host countries.Only countries whose level of economic freedom has exceeded the threshold level ofeconomic freedom benefited from FDI inflows. In countries below the threshold level, FDIdeliver no beneficial effects. The findings are robust to several sensitivity checks andconsideration of endogeneity.The second essay (Chapter 3) tests the channels and magnitude of R&D spilloversfrom developed countries to East Asian countries (China, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, andThailand). It examines three possible spillover channels - imports, inward FDI, and outwardFDI - using panel data for the period 1984-2005. It uses a novel panel estimator whichallows for cross-sectional dependence and provides country-specific estimates of R&Deffects. There are several important conclusions emerge. First, both domestic and foreignR&D are important for productivity improvements. Second, imports are the most importantchannel of spillovers while spillover effects via FDI in uncertain. Third, there is someevidence that domestic R&D helps to increase the incidence of R&D spillovers, especiallyvia import channel. Fourth, the U.S. is a relatively stronger provider of spillovers thanJapan.Chapter 4, which is the final essay, examines the impact of insurance sectordevelopment on output growth, capital accumulation and productivity improvement. It usespanel data from 52 countries for the period 1981-2005, and applies a recent generalizedmethod-of moments (GMM) dynamic panel estimator. The results show that thedevelopment of insurance sector is important for long-run output growth, capitalaccumulation and productivity growth. For developing countries, insurance affects growthpredominantly through capital accumulation while in developed countries it enhancesproductivity growth. The findings are robust to biases introduced by unobserved countryspecificeffects, simultaneity, weak or numerous instruments. It remains valid even aftercontrolling for bank and stock market developments

Bank lending channel of monetary policy: dynamic panel data evidence from Malaysia

This paper aims to investigate the relevance of bank-lending channel (BLC) of monetary policy in a small-open economy, i.e. Malaysia by using disaggregated bank-level data set. A dynamic panel data method namely GMM framework proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995), and Blundell and Bond (1998) have been used in estimating the dynamic of banks’ loan supply function. The empirical evidence has stated that monetary policy shocks is significantly and negatively influenced the banks’ loan supply, and therefore has supported the existence of BLC in Malaysia. In addition, several bank-characteristics variables namely bank liquidity and bank capitalization (capital adequacy ratio) are also statistically significant in influencing the banks’ loan supply. Therefore, the implementation of monetary policy is effective in influencing economic activity via bank balance sheet position, in particular bank loans.Bank-lending channel, monetary policy, dynamic panel data

Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and democracy

This study examines the simultaneous role played by economic freedom and democracy in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. In order to investigate this relation, data from a sample of 87countries over the period of 1981-2010 is employed. The main finding shows that the influence of economic freedom on FDI inflows is positive and significant. However, the results suggest that the democracy has no significant role in attracting FDI. The findings indicate that there is no evidence to support the idea that simultaneous occurrence of economic freedom and democracy are required to attract MNEs presence. Instead, the results reveal that improvement in economic freedom alone is sufficient to attract more FDI inflows. This finding is not consistent with Friedman’s view that free markets and political freedom are inseparable. Obviously, MNEs respond only to improvement in freedom of economic activity but not the level of democracy

Oil price shocks: A comparative study on the impacts of oil price movements in Malaysia and the UK economies

The study investigates the relationship between changes in crude oil prices and Malaysia and the UK macro-economy. A multivariate VAR analysis is carried out among five key macroeconomic variables: real gross domestic product, short term interest rate, real effective exchange rates, long term interest rate and money supply. From the VAR model, the impulse response functions reveal that oil price movements cause significant reduction in aggregate output and increase real exchange rate. The variance decomposition shows that crude oil prices significantly contribute to the variability of real exchange rate long term interest rate in the Malaysia economy while oil price shocks are found to have significant effects on money supply and short term interest rate in the UK economy. Despite these macro-econometric results, caution must be exercised in formulating energy policies since future effects of upcoming oil shocks will not be the same as what happened in the past. Explorations and development of practicable alternatives to imported fuel energy will cushion the economy from the repercussions of oil shocks

THE ROLE OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT TOOLS IN ENHANCING PROACTIVE BEHAVIOR

This study aims at measuring the relationship between career development tools and proactive behaviour using self-report questionnaires collected from workers at an oil and gas service company in Peninsular Malaysia. The results of linear regression analysis displayed two major findings: first, job autonomy was positively and significantly related to proactive behaviour. Second, transformational leadership was positively and significantly related to proactive behaviour. In overall, this result demonstrates that the career development tools act as an important predictor of employees’ proactive behavior in the organizational sample. Further, this study provides discussion, implications and conclusion.Keywords: Career Development Tools, Proactive Behavior, Malaysia, SPS

Logistic regression model for identifying factors affecting hospitalization of children with pneumonia

Pneumonia is a lung infection that could happen in babies, children, adults and older people. However, pneumonia in infants and older adults is more serious. Several studies found that infants are more likely to get pneumonia if they live in low-income families. The study aimed to identify factors that cause children to be hospitalized for pneumonia. The binary logistic regression analysis was performed to build a full model regardless of the significance of the variables. The forward selection approach was used to select the significant variables. It was found that the age of the mother, cigarette smoked by the mother during pregnancy, duration (in months) of the children on solid food, and the age when the child had pneumonia with the p-value of 0.0009, 0.0010, 0.0003 and less than 0.0001, respectively. The odds ratio of mother's age, cigarette smoked by mother during pregnancy, how many months the child on solid food, and children’s age when they had pneumonia are 0.69, 6.22, 0.40 and 0.60, respectively

Firm-level investment and monetary policy in Malaysia: do the interest rate and broad credit channels matter?

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy on investment spending in Malaysia for 1990–2008 using firm-level data. The focal point of this paper is two main channels of monetary policy transmission mechanism, namely, the interest rate and broad credit channels. Using a dynamic neoclassical investment function, empirical results based on system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimations and a sample of 419 firms support the relevance of both interest rate and broad credit channels in influencing investment spending. The results also reveal that the effect of monetary policy channels on firm investment is heterogeneous, such that small firms (i.e. credit-constrained firms) are more responsive to monetary tightening when compared to large firms (i.e. less constrained firms)

Capital account liberalization and economic performance in Malaysia

This study examines the impact of capital account liberalization on economic growth in Malaysia from 1970 to 2004. It uses two measures of capital account openness, namely de jure (an index of liberalization) and de facto (the volume of capital flows). The empirical results based on the modified growth model demonstrate that the de jure measure of capital account liberalization shows an adverse effect on growth in Malaysia. However, the de facto measure shows a robust positive effect on economic growth. The results also highlight that the effect of capital account liberalization on growth is contingent on a country's level of financial development and the quality of its institutions