Binder characterization and performance of asphaltic concrete modified with waste cooking oil

The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in binder modification is widely explored in response to waste management issue. However, the decreasing rheological performance pattern trend at high temperature by using WCO is globally recorded and yet still unresolved. This poor performance is due to the high acidity of the WCO. To resolve this issue, a chemical treatment was proposed to reduce the acidity of the WCO. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of binders modified with untreated and treated WCO. It was carried out in three phases. In Phase 1, the physical and rheological tests of binder (penetration, softening point, viscosity and DSR) were conducted to determine the optimum percentages of untreated and treated WCO (between 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) in modifying the binder. In Phase 2, the optimums WCOs were utilised for further mechanical performance evaluation of Asphaltic Concrete 14 (AC14) mixture through Marshall stability, resilient modulus, dynamic creep and indirect tensile strength (ITS). The morphology and microstructure observations were performed in Phase 3 to investigate the adhesion bonding between modified binder and aggregates. The test results showed that the acidity of the WCO decreased after chemical treatment. The rheological test showed that the failure temperature of binder modified using the treated WCO has increased to 70 oC. In addition, treated WCO mixture recorded superior performance by being less susceptible to permanent deformation as compared to the control mix. Besides, the microstructure analysis revealed that low surface roughness of binder modified with treated WCO has strengthened the adhesion bonding with aggregates. In conclusion, the chemical treatment had improved the treated WCO performance in the modified binder as asphalt paving materials

Analysis Of Surface Integrity And Tool Wear During Machining High Thermal Conductivity Steel 150 (HTCS- 150)

High Thermal Conductivity Steel 150 (HTCS-150) is a new material that applied as a die to assist e fficient heat transfer in a hot stamping process.Machining process of HTCS-150 die involved from roughing to finish ing process assisted by CADCAM and CNC machining.This research concentrated on study when finish machining of HTCS-150 using ball nose end mill TiAlN coated carbide insert.The intent of this resea rch is to develop the regression model and optimization focused on the relationship between the cutting parameters (cutting speed,feed rate and axial depth of cut) and the machining outcome(surface roughness and tool wear) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)and Box-Behknen experimental design. Consequent to model development,Analysis of Variance (ANOVA.).Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to identify significant factors and surface characteristics that influenced the surface roughness and tool wear.Experimental processes were carried out using Variax is MAZAK CNC 5 axis vertical Milling,assisted by the Design Expert 6.0 analysis software.Ranges of cutting parameters selected were 484-553 m/min cutting speeds,0.3 1-0.36 mm/tooth feed rates,0.1-0.5 mm axial depth of cut and 0.01 mm constant radial depth of cut.The results show the model develop adequately represent the process with modeling validation runs within the 90% of prediction interval and their residual errors compared to the predicted values were less than 10%.The optimization results show that the lowest surface roughness achieved at 518.50 m/min cutting speed,0.31 mm/tooth feed rate of and 0.10 mm axial depth of cut.Combination of cutting parameters for the lowest tool wear recorded as 551m/min cutting speed,0.36 mm/tooth feed rate and 0.18 mm axial depth of cut.The ANOVA analysis shows that for surface roughness,most influenced cutting parameters was cutting speed followed by axial depth of cut and feed rate. Meanwhile,for tool wear,feed rate recorded as most influenced cutting parameter followed by cutting speed and axial depth of cut.Observation using SEM observed that feed marks,matenal pullout,adhered material and surface porosity were major defects on the machined surface.For tool wear,coating delamination,abrasive wear, Built-up Layer,adhesive wear and chipping were among failure mechanisms observed.The analysis results from this research are useful to increase the surface quality and decrease the tool wear as the industry player can reduce the period for finishing process to get the finest quality surface and lowest production cost

Penerapan akidah tauhid dalam kepimpinan pendidikan

This study aims to identify the principles of tauhid in the leadership practices of the principals of SMKA, (Malaysian National Religious School). This qualitative study uses interviews and observation as data collection instrument. Chosen by cluster sampling, respondents in this study were eight principals that represented the schools in western and northern zones of Peninsular Malaysia. The findings showed that these SMKA principals successfully inculcate the principles of tauhid in their leadership through various school activities involving the whole school community. It was also found that the school environment that was created through the teachings of Islam as a way of life has been able to improve the school pupils’ self-esteem and leadership

Kesan Rawatan Terapi Integratif Terhadap Kemurungan dan Agresif dalam kalangan Banduan Penjara

Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenal pasti kesan rawatan Terapi Integratif terhadap kemurungan dan agresif dalam kalangan banduan penjara. Terapi Intergratif dalam kajian ini merujuk kepada modul rawatan yang mengandungi empat integrasi teori di dalam suatu proses kaunseling. Ia melibatkan gabungan terapi Person Client Centered (PCC), Rational Emotions Behaviour Therapy (REBT) dan Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) sebagai teknikal rawatan. Manakala Stimulus Organisme Response (SOR) bertindak sebagai prinsip rawatan atau pembelajaran. Terapi Integratif ini dikendalikan terhadap responden sebanyak enam sesi kaunseling kelompok. Kajian ini juga berbentuk kuasi eksperimen melibatkan 160 orang banduan murung (80 rawatan; 80 kawalan) dan 140 orang banduan agresif (70 rawatan; 70 kawalan) daripada lima buah institusi penjara sebagai responden kajian menggunakan persampelan bertujuan. Banduan ini dikenalpasti sebagai responden berdasarkan cutting point tinggi kemurungan menggunakan alat ukur Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) dan tinggi agresif menggunakan Aggressive Questionaires (AQ). Bagi tujuan analisis data, statistik yang digunakan adalah ujian non-parametrik iaitu Mann-Whitney Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test berdasarkan analisis Taburan Normal menggunakan ujian Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil kajian melaporkan keputusan Mann-Whitney Test menunjukkan kumpulan rawatan mempunyai kadar penurunan yang lebih tinggi berbanding kumpulan kawalan dalam kemurungan dan agresif. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test juga menunjukkan keputusan yang sama apabila kumpulan rawatan menunjukkan nilai penurun dari pra program kepada pasca program lebih besar berbanding kumpulan kawalan

The reading of tajweed in surah Yaasin for red-green colour vision deficiencies / Siti Sarah Adam Wan … [et al.]

Colour Blindness or colour vision deficiency are difficulty to see certain colour and shade depending on their type of colour blindness. Generally, there are 3 types of vision deficiencies - protanopia (red-green), deuteranopia (green-red) and tritanopia (blue-yellow) (NEI, 2015). There are close to 300 million people around the world who are suffering from colour blindness. From that figure, 8% men and 0.5% women are suffering this vision deficiencies (Ng, 2017). Many people think people who are suffering from colorblindness are enable to see any colours. Their perception on those people can only view black and white in daily life. However, their judgment is wrong and science has proven colour vision deficiencies can see colours (Flück, 2006). Most common forms of colour vision problems are inherited (genetic) and are present at birth.However,in some cases, a person can have an acquired colour vision problem. Thus,it is caused by aging, eye problem, injury on eye, alcohol misuse, or a hard injury on head (Flück, 2006)

Associated Factor of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Academic Outcome

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was defined by recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images or urges (obsessions) and repetitive behaviour or mental acts. There were several themes of OCD symptoms which were checking, symmetry, contamination, repeating, hoarding, cleaning or washing, and counting. Each symptom showed different behaviour. We use Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale to measure the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder. Our target population was in secondary school students in Tapah which were Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tapah and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Buyong Adil. The aims of our project were to study the association between OCD and academic outcome. The research design was Cross-Sectional Research. This design was based on observations that take place in different groups at one time. This means that there was no experimental procedure, so no variables are manipulated by the researcher. For example, the variable of interest was age because we wanted to see if any changes were noticed in groups of different ages. We used convenience sampling to conduct the survey. We met Administrative Senior Assistant of the school to find class that was free without disturbing their learning process. Then, we went to the class and distributed the questionnaires. Our respondents were from teenagers in range between 13 to 17 years old and we did not include secondary school students. Moreover, to study the association between OCD and academic outcome, we used chi-square test for the statistical analysis. Thus, we found that there was no significant association between Academic Outcomes and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder since the p-value for Chi-Squared test was more than 0.05 (p-value: 0.092).  We can conclude that the OCD does not affect the academic outcomes of the secondary students. This was because based on our research; the result showed that the respondent’s academic outcomes were majority pass. OCD’s impact on learning cannot be underestimated. So this study was very important in order to estimate the impact. Besides, it was important to educate and give awareness to the public about OCD. It  would be meaningful when people know about this symptoms moreover for those who have OCD. It would help then to control their severity. Keywords: academic, chi-squared, obsessive compulsive disorde

Halal issues in pastry and bakery products: the halal gatekeepers of bakery ingredients / Wan Rusni Wan Ismail... [et al.]

The bakery and pastry industry is one of the fastest growing “cottage” industries in Malaysia. Being a Muslim-majority country, halal is a very important factor in securing the market share. Unlike other ready-to-eat products which ingredients come from raw materials, most ingredients and additives used in bakery and pastry industry are processed food components which raised the uncertainty on their halal status. Using qualitative semistructured interview, important findings have emerged pointing to somewhat serious issues pertaining to ambiguous ingredients in bakery and pastry application which requires immediate actions. A total of 12 pastry chefs were interviewed about their perception of the halal issue of baking ingredients. Results indicate strong awareness among the practitioners regarding the ambiguous ingredients in pastry and bakery products. However, the uncertainty and doubts of these ambiguous ingredients are often washed away by the trust they put in the ingredient’s suppliers, mentors and halal label on the packaging. Putting trust on other people in finding halal ingredients sounds positive and doubt-free. However, this might also lead us to becoming too complacent with what we use in pastry and bakery products without putting much effort to inspect the halal status of each ingredient we use. Recommendations to enlighten this matter require actions from all responsible parties including the chefs, suppliers, authority (JAKIM) as well as the end-user. This is also in accordance with the Islamic teaching which said that finding the halal food or things are the responsibilities of everyone

2-(4-Chloro­anilino)quinoxaline

There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H10ClN3, with dihedral angles of 5.11 (10) and 13.61 (10)° between the aromatic ring systems. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in chains propagating in [010]

The potential of waste cooking oil as bio-asphalt for alternative binder – an overview

Enormous quantity of waste products from by-products of frying activity could cause negative impact if not properly managed and disposed. Therefore, recyclability of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in binder modification to produce bio-asphalt can be a sustainable ways to minimize waste dumping while at the same time to reduce the usage of natural resources. Bio-asphalt can be described as alternative asphalt binder which differs from conventional asphalt in terms of strength and durability. This review has highlighted the potential of bio-binder to replace with conventional binder by the addition of waste cooking oil in the mixture

A review on application of waste cooking oil as rejuvenator in porous asphalt mixture

Aging process of bitumen is one of the main obstacles, which limit the implementation of porous pavement. An aging process would cause a shorter service life of porous asphalt compared to the conventional hot mix asphalt mixture. The tendency rate of aging processes in porous asphalt is high due to the exposure of bitumen and aggregates binding in an open-graded structure that maximizes oxidation process to occur thus producing aged binder. In this respect to restore the original characteristics of pavement from aged bitumen, rejuvenation of bitumen binder offers an effective option. From the previous research, the performance of waste cooking oil (WCO) is investigated and indicated as one of rejuvenator agents for bitumen regeneration. Thus, this paper reviewed the novelty of the WCO, as an alternative natural rejuvenating agent for aged bitumen to a condition that resembles the original bitumen in the asphalt mixture