4,993 research outputs found
Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo
A total of 18 kohl samples were analysed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the samples were purchased in Cairo and eleven of them originated in Egypt. The main component of six samples was found to be galena (PbS); where four of these samples originated in Egypt and two in India. For a further ten samples the main component was found to be one of the following: amorphous carbon, calcite (CaCO3), cuprite (Cu2O), goethite (FeO(OH)), elemental silicon or talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2). For the last two samples the main component of each was an unknown amorphous organic compound
Antiferromagnetism at T > 500 K in the Layered Hexagonal Ruthenate SrRu2O6
We report an experimental and computational study of magnetic and electronic
properties of the layered Ru(V) oxide SrRu2O6 (hexagonal, P-3 1m), which shows
antiferromagnetic order with a N\'eel temperature of 563(2) K, among the
highest for 4d oxides. Magnetic order occurs both within edge-shared octahedral
sheets and between layers and is accompanied by anisotropic thermal expansivity
that implies strong magnetoelastic coupling of Ru(V) centers. Electrical
transport measurements using focused ion beam induced deposited contacts on a
micron-scale crystallite as a function of temperature show p-type
semiconductivity. The calculated electronic structure using hybrid density
functional theory successfully accounts for the experimentally observed
magnetic and electronic structure and Monte Carlo simulations reveals how
strong intralayer as well as weaker interlayer interactions are a defining
feature of the high temperature magnetic order in the material.Comment: Physical Review B 2015 accepted for publicatio
Revealing the X-ray Variability of AGN with Principal Component Analysis
We analyse a sample of 26 active galactic nuclei with deep XMM-Newton
observations, using principal component analysis (PCA) to find model
independent spectra of the different variable components. In total, we identify
at least 12 qualitatively different patterns of spectral variability, involving
several different mechanisms, including five sources which show evidence of
variable relativistic reflection (MCG-6-30-15, NGC 4051, 1H 0707-495, NGC 3516
and Mrk 766) and three which show evidence of varying partial covering neutral
absorption (NGC 4395, NGC 1365, and NGC 4151). In over half of the sources
studied, the variability is dominated by changes in a power law continuum, both
in terms of changes in flux and power law index, which could be produced by
propagating fluctuations within the corona. Simulations are used to find unique
predictions for different physical models, and we then attempt to qualitatively
match the results from the simulations to the behaviour observed in the real
data. We are able to explain a large proportion of the variability in these
sources using simple models of spectral variability, but more complex models
may be needed for the remainder. We have begun the process of building up a
library of different principal components, so that spectral variability in AGN
can quickly be matched to physical processes. We show that PCA can be an
extremely powerful tool for distinguishing different patterns of variability in
AGN, and that it can be used effectively on the large amounts of high-quality
archival data available from the current generation of X-ray telescopes.Comment: 25 pages, 27 figures, accepted to MNRAS. Analysis code available on
request to lead author. Edit: Rogue table remove
Second-layer nucleation in coherent Stranski-Krastanov growth of quantum dots
We have studied the monolayer-bilayer transformation in the case of the
coherent Stranski-Krastanov growth. We have found that the energy of formation
of a second layer nucleus is largest at the center of the first-layer island
and smallest on its corners. Thus nucleation is expected to take place at the
corners (or the edges) rather than at the center of the islands as in the case
of homoepitaxy. The critical nuclei have one atom in addition to a compact
shape, which is either a square of i*i or a rectangle of i*(i-1) atoms, with
i>1 an integer. When the edge of the initial monolayer island is much larger
than the critical nucleus size, the latter is always a rectangle plus an
additional atom, adsorbed at the longer edge, which gives rise to a new atomic
row in order to transform the rectangle into the equilibrium square shape.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted version, minor change
Specific electrochemical iodination of horse heart myoglobin at tyrosine 103 as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
The iodination of proteins remains a useful tool in biochemistry for radiolabelling. However,chemical or enzymatic iodination is difficult to control and can give deleterious polyiodination. Previously, we have shown that electrooxidation with nitrite is a rapid method for the selective nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins. In principle, it should be possible to substitute a number of electrooxidisable anions into the tyrosine phenol ring. Electrochemical iodination is more difficult to control than nitration because the rapid anodic oxidation of I− leads to persistent formation of the iodinating triiodide anion. However, application of pulsed electrooxidation and reduction cycles is shown to be an effective procedure for the selective mono and double-iodination of myoglobin, which may have general application to other proteins in
controlling of the level of iodination. Mono- and double-iodination of myoglobin by this method was confirmed by electrospray FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) enabled localization of the site of mono-iodination to be restricted to either His97 or Tyr103. More extensive sequence coverage was obtained with electron capture dissociation (ECD), allowing unambiguous assignment of the site of iodination to Tyr103
Higher su(N) tensor products
We extend our recent results on ordinary su(N) tensor product multiplicities
to higher su(N) tensor products. Particular emphasis is put on four-point
couplings where the tensor product of four highest weight modules is
considered. The number of times the singlet occurs in the decomposition is the
associated multiplicity. In this framework, ordinary tensor products correspond
to three-point couplings. As in that case, the four-point multiplicity may be
expressed explicitly as a multiple sum measuring the discretised volume of a
convex polytope. This description extends to higher-point couplings as well. We
also address the problem of determining when a higher-point coupling exists,
i.e., when the associated multiplicity is non-vanishing. The solution is a set
of inequalities in the Dynkin labels.Comment: 17 pages, LaTe
Stratified horizontal flow in vertically vibrated granular layers
A layer of granular material on a vertically vibrating sawtooth-shaped base
exhibits horizontal flow whose speed and direction depend on the parameters
specifying the system in a complex manner. Discrete-particle simulations reveal
that the induced flow rate varies with height within the granular layer and
oppositely directed flows can occur at different levels. The behavior of the
overall flow is readily understood once this novel feature is taken into
account.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitte
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Looking Ahead to the Next Steps
Pressure has been building for the conclusion of the 12-country Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations. Getting the deal done is important, but the TPP is not just another free trade agreement (FTA). It represents the chance to set a trade agenda for the future across a wide range of topics for countries throughout the Asia-Pacific region. This means that the agreement should not be settled in haste. More importantly, it also means that key decisions need to be reached about broader issues related to the institutional structure of the TPP. These decisions must be made now, before the deal is closed, on issues such as how to create the TPP as a living agreement, the formation of a TPP Secretariat, and the clarification of entry conditions for future members such as the People’s Republic of China (PRC). These choices must be made deliberately and carefully even while officials are struggling with reaching closure on the most highly sensitive issues still remaining in the agreement. It will not be easy, but wise decisions are necessary now to ensure the long-term success of the TPP
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