Determinación de aspectos ambientales de la empresa de transportes - Transperu S.A. para la implementación de un sistema de gestión ambiental - Arequipa 2016

Se propone la identificación de aspectos ambientales significativos de la empresa de transporte de mineral TRANSPERU S.A.C., para luego incluir los hallazgos en el esquema de la norma ISO 14001:2015. Se establecen cuatro procesos unitarios identificándose un total de 13 aspectos ambientales relacionados fundamentalmente con la generación de ruido, polvo, gases de combustión, generación de residuos sólidos peligrosos, no peligrosos, y alteración del tráfico vehicular. Se determina como aspecto ambiental significativo la generación de residuos sólidos peligrosos, que se generan en los procesos administrativos y de mantenimiento; también se considera como aspecto ambiental significativo a la alteración de flujo vehicular en el proceso transporte de concentrado. Respecto a la evaluación de riesgos ambientales se consideran como escenarios de riesgo el aspecto ambiental significativo, es decir, la generación de residuos sólidos peligrosos y la alteración del flujo vehicular; para la generación de residuos sólidos peligrosos se obtiene un riesgo alto mientras que para la alteración de flujo vehicular se obtiene un riesgo moderado. Se fijan los objetivos para cada uno de los aspectos ambientales significativos y se encuadran los resultados dentro de la normativa de la ISO 14001:2015

Body image dissatisfaction and eating-related psychopathology in trans individuals: a matched control study

High levels of body dissatisfaction have already been reported in the trans population; however, the root of this dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disordered behaviours, has not been studied in-depth. This study aims to assess eating disorder risk by comparing 200 trans people, 200 people with eating disorders and 200 control participants' scores on three subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and to further explore dissatisfaction in the trans participants using the Hamburg Body Drawing Scale (HBDS). The results showed that overall participants with eating disorders scored higher than trans or control groups on all EDI-2 measures, but that trans individuals had greater body dissatisfaction than control participants and, importantly, trans males had comparable body dissatisfaction scores to eating disordered males. Drive for thinness was greater in females (cis and trans) compared with males. In relation to HBDS body dissatisfaction, both trans males and trans females reported greatest dissatisfaction not only for gender-identifying body parts but also for body shape and weight. Overall, trans males may be at particular risk for eating disordered psychopathology and other body image-related behaviour

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Trans People: Associations with Psychological Symptoms, Victimization, Interpersonal Functioning, and Perceived Social Support

Introduction. There is a paucity of systematic research in the area of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in trans people. Aims. To investigated the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in trans people and the associations with intra- and interpersonal problems. Methods. Participants were 155 untreated individuals with a diagnosis of Transsexualism (according to ICD-10 criteria) attending a national gender identity clinic. Main Outcome Measures. All participants completed the Self-Injury Questionnaire, The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, The Hamburg Body Drawing Scale, The Experiences of Transphobia Scale, The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32 and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results. The sample consisted of 66.5% trans women and 33.5% trans men and 36.8% of them had a history of engaging in NSSI. The prevalence of NSSI was significantly higher in trans men (57.7%) compared to trans women (26.2%). Trans individuals with NSSI reported more psychological and interpersonal problems and perceived less social support compared to trans individuals without NSSI. Moreover, the probability of having experienced physical harassment related to being trans was highest in trans women with NSSI (compared to those without NSSI). The study found that with respect to psychological symptoms, trans women reported significantly more intrapersonal and interpersonal symptoms compared to trans men. Finally, the results of the regression analysis showed that the probability of engaging in NSSI by trans individuals was significantly positively related to a younger age, being trans male and reporting more psychological symptoms. Conclusions. The high levels of NSSI behavior and its association with interpersonal and interpersonal difficulties and lack of social support needs to be taken into consideration when assessing trans individuals. The effect of cross-sex hormones and sex reassignment surgery on psychological functioning, including NSSI behavior, as part of the transitional journey of trans individuals should be explored in future studies

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in transsexualism

BACKGROUND: Over the last 50 years, several studies have provided estimates of the prevalence of transsexualism. The variation in reported prevalence is considerable and may be explained by factors such as the methodology and diagnostic classification used and the year and country in which the studies took place. Taking these into consideration, this study aimed to critically and systematically review the available literature measuring the prevalence of transsexualism as well as performing a meta-analysis using the available data. METHODS: Databases were systematically searched and 1473 possible studies were identified. After initial scrutiny of the article titles and removal of those not relevant, 250 studies were selected for further appraisal. Of these, 211 were excluded after reading the abstracts and a further 18 after reading the full article. This resulted in 21 studies on which to perform a systematic review, with only 12 having sufficient data for meta-analysis. The primary data of the epidemiological studies were extracted as raw numbers. An aggregate effect size, weighted by sample size, was computed to provide an overall effect size across the studies. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The relative weighted contribution of each study was also assessed. RESULTS: The overall meta-analytical prevalence for transsexualism was 4.6 in 100,000 individuals; 6.8 for trans women and 2.6 for trans men. Time analysis found an increase in reported prevalence over the last 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of transsexualism reported in the literature is increasing. However, it is still very low and is mainly based on individuals attending clinical services and so does not provide an overall picture of prevalence in the general population. However, this study should be considered as a starting point and the field would benefit from more rigorous epidemiological studies acknowledging current changes in the classification system and including different locations worldwide. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Body image dissatisfaction and eating-related psychopathology in trans individuals: a matched control study

High levels of body dissatisfaction have already been reported in the trans population; however, the root of this dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disordered behaviours, has not been studied in-depth. This study aims to assess eating disorder risk by comparing 200 trans people, 200 people with eating disorders and 200 control participants' scores on three subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and to further explore dissatisfaction in the trans participants using the Hamburg Body Drawing Scale (HBDS). The results showed that overall participants with eating disorders scored higher than trans or control groups on all EDI-2 measures, but that trans individuals had greater body dissatisfaction than control participants and, importantly, trans males had comparable body dissatisfaction scores to eating disordered males. Drive for thinness was greater in females (cis and trans) compared with males. In relation to HBDS body dissatisfaction, both trans males and trans females reported greatest dissatisfaction not only for gender-identifying body parts but also for body shape and weight. Overall, trans males may be at particular risk for eating disordered psychopathology and other body image-related behaviours

Non-suicidal self-injury in trans people: associations with psychological symptoms, victimization, interpersonal functioning and perceived social support

Abstract Introduction.There is a paucity of systematic research in the area of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in trans people. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NSSI in trans people and the associations with intra- and interpersonal problems. Methods Participants were 155 untreated individuals with a diagnosis of transsexualism (according to International Classification of Disease-10 criteria) attending a national gender identity clinic. Main Outcome Measures All participants completed the Self-Injury Questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Hamburg Body Drawing Scale, the Experiences of Transphobia Scale, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results The sample consisted of 66.5% trans women and 33.5% trans men and 36.8% of them had a history of engaging in NSSI. The prevalence of NSSI was significantly higher in trans men (57.7%) compared with trans women (26.2%). Trans individuals with NSSI reported more psychological and interpersonal problems and perceived less social support compared with trans individuals without NSSI. Moreover, the probability of having experienced physical harassment related to being trans was highest in trans women with NSSI (compared with those without NSSI). The study found that with respect to psychological symptoms, trans women reported significantly more intrapersonal and interpersonal symptoms compared with trans men. Finally, the results of the regression analysis showed that the probability of engaging in NSSI by trans individuals was significantly positively related to a younger age, being trans male, and reporting more psychological symptoms. Conclusions The high levels of NSSI behavior and its association with interpersonal and interpersonal difficulties and lack of social support need to be taken into consideration when assessing trans individuals. The effect of cross-sex hormones and sex reassignment surgery on psychological functioning, including NSSI behavior, as part of the transitional journey of trans individuals should be explored in future studie

Exploratory and factorial analysis of the ‘Questionnaire of psychosocial factors at work’ in Peru

Introducción: La evaluación de los factores psicosociales negativos o factores de riesgo psicosocial es un proceso extenso, pero en la mayoría de los métodos se recurre a la aplicación de un instrumento o escala, de las que existe una gran diversidad; sin embargo, pocas están diseñadas y validadas para su aplicación en Latinoamérica. Objetivo. Validar un instrumento evaluación de factores psicosociales para su aplicación en trabajadores en Perú. Diseño. Análisis factorial exploratorio del Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo con una población de trabajadores peruanos. Participantes. Trabajadores de Lima, Arequipa y Trujillo. Métodos. La población se constituyó con 542 sujetos que laboran en la construcción, industria textil, servicios de educación, de salud, minería, pesca y agroindustria, entre otros. El análisis estadístico se basó en la determinación del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, porcentaje de varianza explicado y los valores eigen de cada ítem de la escala. Principales medidas de resultados. Validación del instrumento. Resultados. El coeficiente α de Cronbach del cuestionario en general fue de 0,9, lo que indica una fiabilidad excelente y por encima de los resultados de otras escalas similares. De manera individual la mayoría de los 7 factores del cuestionario obtuvieron valores satisfactorios; los que presentaron alfa de Cronbach por debajo de 0,7 fueron ‘Carga de trabajo’ α = ,5, que calificaría como ‘Inadecuada’ y ‘Contenido y características de la tarea’ con α = ,6, calificando como ‘Adecuada pero con déficits’. Conclusiones. Es posible utilizar el ‘Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales en el Trabajo’ con fines de investigación y de evaluación en las empresas en Perú.Introduction. The evaluation of negative psychosocial factors or psychosocial risk factors is a lengthy process, but the majority of methods rely on the use of an instrument or scale, of which we find a wide diversity. However, few have been designed and validated to be applied in Latin America. Objective. To validate an instrument of evaluation of psychosocial factors for its application in workers in Peru. Design. Exploratory factorial analysis of the Questionnaire of Psychosocial Factors at Work with a population of Peruvian workers. Participants. Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo workers. The population consisted in 542 subjects working in construction, textile industry, education services, health, mining, fisheries and agroindustry among others. The statistical analysis was based on the determination of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, percentage of variance explained and the eigenvalues of each item of the scale. Results. The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire in general was 0.9, indicating excellent reliability, being above the results of other similar scales. Individually most of the 7 factors of the questionnaire obtained satisfactory values. Those that presented Cronbach’s alpha below 0.7 were ‘Workload’ α = .5, that would qualify as ‘Inadequate’ and ‘Content and characteristics of the task’ with α = .6, qualifying as ‘Adequate but with deficits’. Conclusions. It is possible to use the ‘Questionnaire of Psychosocial Factors at Work’ for the purposes of research and evaluation in companies in Peru

Exposición a factores psicosociales laborales y sintomatología de estrés en trabajadores peruanos.//Exposure to occupational psychosocial factors and stress symptomatology in Peruvian workers.

El estrés laboral es una problemática constante,  presente en los contextos laborales que afecta el desarrollo del trabajador en las esferas fisiológicas, comportamental, intelectual y psicoemocional. Existe evidencia del origen laboral del estrés, pero se requieren mayores estudios para determinar el factor psicosocial que incide en cada dimensión del estrés. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el grado de riesgo de diversos factores psicosociales para cada tipo de síntomas de estrés. Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con una muestra de Población Económicamente Activa de 542 trabajadores peruanos, todos pertenecientes a la economía formal con diversos tipos de puestos de trabajo.  Los factores psicosociales con mayor exposición negativa fueron las “Exigencias Laborales”, el “Contenido y características de la tarea” y la “Carga de Trabajo”. Los siete factores psicosociales estudiados fueron consistentemente factor de riesgo para los síntomas fisiológicos e intelectuales; en ningún caso se mostraron como factor de riesgo para los síntomas psicoemocionales del estrés, y para los síntomas comportamentales solo el factor de “Papel laboral y desarrollo de la carrera” calificó como factor: de riesgo.AbstractWork-related stress is a constant problem that affects the development of the worker in the physiological, behavioral, intellectual and psycho-emotional spheres. There is evidence of the occupational origins of stress, but further studies are required to determine the psychosocial factor that affects each dimension of the stress. The objective of this research is to determine the degree of risk of various psychosocial factors for each type of stress symptoms. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, with a sample of 542 Economically Active Population of Peruvian workers, all belonging to the formal economy with different types of jobs. The psychosocial factors with greater negative exposure were the "Labor Requirements", "Content and characteristics of the task" and the "Workload". The seven psychosocial factors studied were consistently a risk factor for physiological and intellectuals symptoms; in no case they were showed to be a risk factor for the psycho-emotional symptoms of stress. The factor of "Work role and development of the career" was qualified as a risk factor only for behavioral symptoms

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA FERRAMENTA PARA EDUCAÇÃO NO TRÂNSITO, BASEADO EM TEORIAS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO COGNITIVO DE PIAGET

Nos tempos atuais pode-se observar que a relação Homem x Trânsito não está na mais perfeita harmonia, devido ao fato do homem não possuir em sua infância uma base estrutural com suporte às ferramentas computacionais para apoio na área de psicologia, no tocante à educação de crianças para o trânsito. Com esta problemática observa-se que é necessário o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação utilizando recursos tecnológicos para área educacional do trânsito direcionado às crianças. A complexidade da aplicação deve atender aos princípios abordados pela Teoria do Desenvolvimento cognitivo de Piaget, uma vez que trata dos aspectos cognitivos, que auxilia na capacidade de manipular os componentes de um computador

Initial United States experience with the Paracor HeartNet⁎⁎Paracor Medical, Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif. myocardial constraint device for heart failure

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to review the initial results and surgical safety data for the US Food and Drug Administration safety and feasibility trial of the Paracor HeartNet (Paracor Medical, Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif.) myocardial constraint device.MethodsPatients with New York Heart Association functional class II or III heart failure underwent device implantation (n = 21) through a left minithoracotomy.ResultsThe average age was 53 years (31–72 years). There were 18 men and 3 women, and 17 patients had nonischemic etiology of heart failure. Mean heart failure duration was 8.3 years (1.4-18.8 years). Average ejection fraction was 22% (11%-33%), with an average left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of 74 mm (55-94 mm). Previous medical therapy included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, diuretics, digoxin, and aldosterone receptor blockers. At implantation, 17 patients had implantable electronic devices: 1 biventricular pacemaker, 11 biventricular pacemakers with cardioverter-defibrillators, and 5 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Patient comorbidities included hypertension in 10 cases, diabetes mellitus in 8, myocardial infarction in 1, and ventricular tachycardia in 8. Mean operative time was 68 minutes (42–102 minutes), and implantation time averaged 15 minutes (5–51 minutes). The average time to ambulation was 1.6 days (1–4 days). The intensive care unit stay averaged 3.3 days (1–16 days), and hospital stay averaged 6.3 days (4–16 days). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 2 patients, and there were 2 in-hospital deaths.ConclusionsThe Paracor device can be implanted in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular function with a high degree of success. Significant surgical complications were infrequent. The initial US experience supports the conduct of a randomized, controlled, pivotal trial