Low-frequency radio navigation system

A method of continuous wave navigation using four transmitters operating at sufficiently low frequencies to assure essentially pure groundwave operation is described. The transmitters are keyed to transmit constant bursts (1/4 sec) in a time-multiplexed pattern with phase modulation of at least one transmitter for identification of the transmitters and with the ability to identify the absolute phase of the modulated transmitter and the ability to modulate low rate data for transmission. The transmitters are optimally positioned to provide groundwave coverage over a service region of about 50 by 50 km for the frequencies selected in the range of 200 to 500 kHz, but their locations are not critical because of the beneficial effect of overdetermination of position of a receiver made possible by the fourth transmitter. Four frequencies are used, at least two of which are selected to provide optimal resolution. All transmitters are synchronized to an average phase as received by a monitor receiver

Evolution of primordial planets in relation to the cosmological origin of life

We explore the conditions prevailing in primordial planets in the framework of the HGD cosmologies as discussed by Gibson and Schild. The initial stages of condensation of planet-mass H-4He gas clouds in trillion-planet clumps is set at 300,000 yr (0.3My) following the onset of plasma instabilities when ambient temperatures were >1000K. Eventual collapse of the planet-cloud into a solid structure takes place against the background of an expanding universe with declining ambient temperatures. Stars form from planet mergers within the clumps and die by supernovae on overeating of planets. For planets produced by stars, isothermal free fall collapse occurs initially via quasi equilibrium polytropes until opacity sets in due to molecule and dust formation. The contracting cooling cloud is a venue for molecule formation and the sequential condensation of solid particles, starting from mineral grains at high temperatures to ice particles at lower temperatures, water-ice becomes thermodynamically stable between 7 and 15 My after the initial onset of collapse, and contraction to form a solid icy core begins shortly thereafter. Primordial-clump-planets are separated by ~ 1000 AU, reflecting the high density of the universe at 30,000 yr. Exchanges of materials, organic molecules and evolving templates readily occur, providing optimal conditions for an initial origin of life in hot primordial gas planet water cores when adequately fertilized by stardust. The condensation of solid molecular hydrogen as an extended outer crust takes place much later in the collapse history of the protoplanet. When the object has shrunk to several times the radius of Jupiter, the hydrogen partial pressure exceeds the saturation vapour pressure of solid hydrogen at the ambient temperature and condensation occurs.Comment: 14 pages 7 figures SPIE Conference 7819 Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XIII Proceedings, Aug 3-5, 2010, San Diego, Ed. Richard B. Hoove

Introduction: contains Cover, Table of Contents, Letter from the Editor, and Masthead

On behalf of the 2003-2004 Editorial Board, I would like to welcome you to the third issue of the Richmond Journal of Law & Technology’s 2003-2004 publication term! This issue includes three articles covering the AOL Instant Messenger restriction before the FCC, online alternative dispute resolution, and a proposal for regulating Internet gambling

Internal Dialogue: Are You Listening to Me? Positive Internal Dialogue and Narcissism

Utilizing the experience sampling method, the present study investigated the relationship between a participant\u27s self esteem, self consciousness, and narcissism and the level of positive thought. The present study also explored the relations between positive thought and satisfaction with Ouachita Baptist University, their roommate, their social involvement, and their GPA. Results showed that narcissism is negatively related to positivity of thought. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between participant\u27s involvement with campus organizations and the level of satisfaction with their school. Furthermore, there was a connection between organizational involvement and positivity of thoughts. Additionally, participants\u27 GPA \u27s were positively correlated with narcissism. No significant findings were found regarding participants\u27 self esteem and self consciousness

Re-Structuring Evaluation Findings into Useful Knowledge

Background: A long research stream has shown that when knowledge is more structured it is more likely to be effective in practical application. Building on that research, the authorsapplied Integrative Proposition Analysis to visualize, integrate, and assess the quality and usefulness of knowledge gained from the NMAC (formerly National Minority AIDS Council) Strong Communities evaluation. Purpose: Demonstrate an innovative method to rigorously integrate and strengthen knowledge gained from evaluation and to encourage discussion of future directions for developing stronger theories for more effective evaluation and more effective action. Setting: Birmingham, Alabama Intervention: A project to identify local strategies for community-based organizations and community health centers that serve African American and Latinx gay and bisexual men and transgender women to collaboratively meet HIV-related community needs. Research Design:  The researchers applied Integrative Propositional Analysis to integrate and map concepts and causal connections emerging from the evaluation findings. The authorsthen analyzed the resulting map to identify top-mentioned concepts, better understood concepts, reinforcing loops, and knowledge gaps. Data Collection and Analysis: Integrative Propositional Analysis applied to a literature review and stakeholder interview transcripts collected for the evaluation. Findings: Integrating literature and interview results helped to identify several actions where providers of HIV-related services could increase their impact on combating the HIV epidemic among the communities they serve. The authorsalso identified a reinforcing loop; this shows opportunity to improve two desired outcomes by increasing one. In addition, the authorsidentified blank spots on the map; these show where additional research could strengthen the quality and usefulness of the mapped knowledge. Keywords: evaluation syntheses; Integrative Propositional Analysis; complexity; systems thinking; HIV; African American; Latinx; gay men; bisexual men; transgender wome