The Impact of Servant Leadership on Follower Outcomes: Testing the Mediating Roles of Stewardship Climate and Trust

This research focused on the impact of servant leadership on follower citizenship behaviors (OCBs), both at the individual and organizational levels. The relationship was considered indirect, with trust, perceptions of fairness, and stewardship climate acting as mediators to the relationship between servant leadership and follower citizenship behaviors. The three major contributions are (1) the identification and empirical test of \u27servant\u27 and \u27leader\u27 components of servant leadership, and (2) the theoretical extension of servant leadership through stewardship theory, and (3) the evidence for its importance in explaining the role of stewardship climate in the relationship between servant leadership and follower OCBs. I report the results from two empirical studies that provide support for the model. Study 1 provides a test of the general model of servant leadership and provides initial support to the proposed components of servant leadership and their effects on separate levels of follower OCBs. Study 2 builds upon this model by including the mediating role of stewardship climate on the servant leadership - follower OCB relationship. Results provide initial support for the differing effects of the \u27servant\u27 and \u27leader\u27 components on individual and organizational follower citizenship behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, trust and stewardship climate were found to fully mediate these relationships. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed

Essay Checklist: Burning Questions to Ask Before Typing the Final Draft

This instructional handout is a checklist to review before turning in an academic essay

Punctuation Overview

This handout provides a brief overview of when to use various punctuation marks, including: periods, question marks, exclamation points, commas, semicolons, colons, hyphens, quotation marks, single quotation marks, apostrophes, ellipses, dashes, and brackets

Singulars and Plurals

This instructional handout provides information on singular and plural nouns and pronouns and the appropriate use of apostrophes when making nouns possessive

Sentence Fragments 2

This instructional handout addresses the sentence fragment error and suggests ways to correct it

Formatting a Paper Using Modern Language Association Style

This handout provides basic formatting guidelines for papers requiring Modern Language Association (MLA) style, 9th edition

Justification, Attachments and Regret

In *The View From Here*, Jay Wallace emphasises that an agent's capacity to regret a past decision is conditioned by the attachments that she may have developed as a result. Those attachments shape the point of view from which she retrospectively deliberates. Wallace stresses, however, that not every normative aspect of her decision is affected by this change in perspective, because her decision will remain as unjustified as it was in the past. I will argue, however, that this approach to justification is inconsistent with the normative import that Wallace ascribes to the actual dynamics of our attachments in his defence of the rationale of regret. If I am right, Wallace's approach is caught in the following dilemma: Either he renounces a nonperspectival approach to justification or he revises his view about the normative import of the actual dynamics of our attachments

XMM-Newton Observations Reveal Very High X-ray Luminosity from the Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Star WR 48a

We present XMM-Newton observations of the dusty Wolf-Rayet star WR 48a. This is the first detection of this object in X-rays. The XMM-Newton EPIC spectra are heavily absorbed and the presence of numerous strong emission lines indicates a thermal origin of the WR 48a X-ray emission, with dominant temperature components at kT_cool approx. 1 keV and kT_hot approx. 3~keV, the hotter component dominating the observed flux. No significant X-ray variability was detected on time scales < 1 day. Although the distance to WR 48a is uncertain, if it is physically associated with the open clusters Danks 1 and 2 at d ~ 4 kpc, then the resultant X-ray luminosity L_X ~ 10^(35) ergs/s makes it the most X-ray luminous Wolf-Rayet star in the Galaxy detected so far, after the black-hole candidate Cyg X-3. We assume the following scenarios as the most likely explanation for the X-ray properties of WR 48a: (1) colliding stellar winds in a wide WR+O binary system, or in a hierarchical triple system with non-degenerate stellar components; (2) accretion shocks from the WR 48a wind onto a close companion (possibly a neutron star). More specific information about WR48a and its wind properties will be needed to distinguish between the above possibilities.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter