A Comparison of Volumes and Types of Carrier, Rate and Method of Application of Several 2, 4-D Estems on Wheat

During the summer of 1953, 168,000 acres of small grain were sprayed with 2.4-D by airplane in South Dakota. Of this amount 120,000 acres were wheat. Approximately the same number of acres were sprayed in the previous years. Several cases of damage to crops following serial application of 2.4-D have been reported. In most cases, the damage resulted from an application of an ester of 2.4-D in oil. Since very little research data concerning such applications were available, it seemed that present recommendations should be reviewed critically in order to determine if they are adapted to serial application. The purpose of this study is fourfold: first, to determine if wheat yields are lower when serial applications of 2.4-D are made than when applications are made with ground equipment; second, to compare oil and water as carriers in application of 2.4-D; third, to determine the effect of volume of carrier on spray retention by wheat and whether amount retained had any effects on the crop yield; fourth, to compare three ester formulations of 2.4-D as to effect on crops and weeds

Control and Elimination of Quackgrass

This publication describes Quackgrass characteristics and identification information. Control methods such as intensive cultivation, special cropping, and chemical application recommendations are also included

Mechanical properties of coated titanium Beta-21S after exposure to air at 700 and 800 C

Mechanical properties of Beta-21S (Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si, wt percent) with glass, aluminide, and glass-on-aluminide coatings less than 3-micron thick were studied. Coatings were deposited by sol-gel processing or electron-beam evaporation onto 4.5-mil (113-micron) thick Beta-21S sheet from which, after oxidizing in air at 700 or 800 C, tensile test specimens were machined. Plastic elongation was the most severely degraded of the tensile properties; the glass-on-aluminide coatings were the most effective in preventing degradation. It was found that oxygen trapping by forming oxides in the coating, and reactions between the coatings and the Beta-21S alloy played significant roles

Business In Nebraska #244- January 1965

Stock and Bond Yields (Keith Broman) The recent change in the Federal Reserve discount rate has focused attention on interest rates both here and abroad. Equally important is the relationship between bond and stock yields. Business Summary (Kim McNealy) In October, the dollar volume of business for Nebraska rose 4.6% from the same month in 1963, but dropped 3.7% from September of 1964. The same index for the U.S. behaved similarly, the dollar volume of business rising 2.1% from October, 1963, and falling 1.9% from September, 1964. Business activity as measured by the Physical Volume Index increased 2.5% over last year in both Nebraska and the U.S. Compared to last month, the volume of Business transacted decreased a slight 1.5% in Nebraska and .9% in the U.S. In the individual series, construction activity registered the greatest decline from September, having dropped 9.1%. Employment changed only slightly in both Nebraska and the nation over the same period. Financing Higher Education (E. S. Wallace) The benefits of higher education are probably more highly esteemed and more universally sought after now than ever before. Hardly anyone would deny today that both society and the individual are richer, in material as well as in cultural terms, because of the contributions of our colleges and universities. A college degree has become not just a status symbol but an actual prerequisite for many kinds of employment. Indeed, recent studies have shown that a college education is the common characteristic of leaders in industry, government, and the professions. Education has made it possible for the sons of janitors, unskilled laborers, and tenant farmers to become college presidents, corporate executives, and surgeons. Creating New Jobs (E. S. Wallace) Conventional industrial development programs seek to create more jobs by establishing new manufacturing plants. Another way of making more jobs, however, is to build up the volume of existing plants. Wisconsin has recently completed a project aimed at increasing industrial employment in northern and rural areas of the state by bringing more business to plants already in operation. Reviews in Brie

Novel matching lens and spherical ionizer for a cesium sputter ion source

The beam optics of a multi-sample sputter ion source, based on the NECMCSNICS, has been modified to accommodate cathode voltages higher than 5 kV and dispenses with the nominal extractor. The cathode voltage in Cs sputter sources plays the role of the classical extractor accomplishing the acceleration of beam particles from eV to keV energy, minimizing space charge effects and interactions between the beam and residual gas. The higher the cathode voltage, the smaller are these contributions to the emittance growth. The higher cathode voltage also raises the Child’s law limit on the Cs current resulting in substantially increased output. The incidental focusing role of the extractor is reallocated to a deceleration Einzel lens and the velocity change needed to match to the pre-acceleration tube goes to a new electrode at the tube entrance. All electrodes are large enough to ensure that the beam fills less than 30% of the aperture to minimize aberrations. The improvements are applicable to sputter sources generally

The Vehicle, Fall 1973

Table of Contents Just the SameRick Hoblerpage 4 Gentle NightPatricia Christpage 5 Baby Makes TwoMarilyn Beckerpage 5 StephenMarilyn Beckerpage 5 Seventh AlarumKeith Fuerstpage 6 DallasKeith Fuerstpage 6 An Old Floor CandlePeggy Wallacepage 7 Without LoveRod Boehmerpage 7 No TouchJerilyn Jonespage 8 A BeginningJerilyn Jonespage 8 First Frost of AutumnMelvin Zaloudekpage 9 TrisetrieWilliam Uteschpage 9 EyesMarvinetta Woodleypage 9https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1030/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Fall 1973

Table of Contents Just the SameRick Hoblerpage 4 Gentle NightPatricia Christpage 5 Baby Makes TwoMarilyn Beckerpage 5 StephenMarilyn Beckerpage 5 Seventh AlarumKeith Fuerstpage 6 DallasKeith Fuerstpage 6 An Old Floor CandlePeggy Wallacepage 7 Without LoveRod Boehmerpage 7 No TouchJerilyn Jonespage 8 A BeginningJerilyn Jonespage 8 First Frost of AutumnMelvin Zaloudekpage 9 TrisetrieWilliam Uteschpage 9 EyesMarvinetta Woodleypage 9https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1030/thumbnail.jp

A Phase II study of pulse dose imatinib mesylate and weekly paclitaxel in patients aged 70 and over with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), interstitial hypertension is a barrier to chemotherapy delivery, and is mediated by platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Antagonizing PDGFR with imatinib may improve intra-tumoral delivery of paclitaxel, increasing response rate (RR). METHODS: This single-stage, open-label phase II study evaluated pulse dose imatinib and weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 70 with untreated, stage IIIB-IV NSCLC and ECOG performance status 0-2. Primary endpoint was RR. Secondary endpoints included median progression free and overall survival (PFS, OS) and correlatives of PDGFR pathway activation. Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Vulnerable Elder Survey-13 (VES-13) were correlated with outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with median age 75 enrolled. Eleven of 29 (38%) were frail by VES-13 score. Overall RR was 11/34 (32%; 95% CI 17%-51%), meeting the primary endpoint. Median PFS and OS were 3.6 and 7.3 months, respectively. High tumoral PDGF-B expression predicted inferior PFS. Frail patients by VES-13 had significantly worse median PFS (3.2 vs. 4.5 months; p=0.02) and OS (4.8 vs. 12 months; p=0.02) than non-frail. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of imatinib and paclitaxel had encouraging activity as measured by the primary endpoint of RR. However, PFS and OS were typical for elderly patients treated with single agent chemotherapy and the regimen is not recommended for further study. Adjunct imatinib did not overcome the established association of tumoral PDGF-B expression with inferior PFS. VES-13 was a powerful predictor of poor survival outcomes. Frailty should be further studied as a predictor of non-benefit from chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01011075

The Organization of Agricultural Research in Western Developed Countries

This paper reviews agricultural research structural and organization changes in western developed countries, examines new financing prospects for agricultural research, and provides some tentative conclusions about which organizations are best positioned to provide services for the 21st century. Giventhat these countries faces many similar economic, political, scientific, andagroclimatic factors and fiscal issues, we canexpect a similar set of similar new developments thathave potentially important and widespread long-run implications. After three common developments are outlined, principles ofimpure public good financing are applied leading to the following agricultural science policy recommendations (i) new political jurisdictions should be formed to finance research, e.g., new alliances across countries and subregions within large countries, (ii) intellecmal property rights should be strengthened to increase the total amount and share oftotal (public and private) agricultural research that is privately financed and conducted, i.e., the private sector should find it profitable to undertake a large share ofapplied research but not be expected to finance public sector agriculmral research, (iii) the public sector should redirect its research efforts increasingly to areas that are socially worthwhile but not privately undertaken, e.g.,in the basic and pretechnology areas, on envkonmental, resources, food safety and human nutrition, and policy. Finally, large countries that have developed asystem ofshared public and private financmg and performance and decentralized public support ofagricultural research seem best position for meeting the needs ofthe 21st centur

Effect of Tobacco Smoking on the Clinical, Histopathological, and Serological Manifestations of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Objectives To assess the association of smoking habits with the clinical, serological, and histopathological manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren’s sicca (non-SS sicca). Methods Cross-sectional case-control study of 1288 patients with sicca symptoms (587 SS and 701 non-SS sicca) evaluated in a multi-disciplinary research clinic. Smoking patterns were obtained from questionnaire data and disease-related clinical and laboratory data were compared between current, past, ever, and never smokers. Results Current smoking rates were 4.6% for SS patients compared to 14.1% in non-SS sicca (p = 5.17x10E-09), 18% in a local lupus cohort (p = 1.13x10E-14) and 16.8% in the community (p = 4.12x10E-15). Current smoking was protective against SS classification (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22–0.56, FDR q = 1.9E10-05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.15–0.44, FDR q = 1.52x10E-06), focus score ≥1 (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.13–0.39, FDR q = 1.43x10E-07), and anti-Ro/SSA(+) (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.2–0.64, FDR q = 0.0009); ever smoking was protective against the same features and against anti-La/SSB(+) (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.39–0.70, FDR q = 5.82x10E-05). Duration of smoking was inversely correlated with SS even after controlling for socioeconomic status, BMI, alcohol and caffeine consumption. Conclusions Current tobacco smoking is negatively and independently associated with SS, protecting against disease-associated humoral and cellular autoimmunity. The overall smoking rate amongst SS patients is significantly lower than in matched populations and the effects of smoking are proportional to exposure duration. In spite of the protective effects of tobacco on SS manifestations, it is associated with other serious comorbidities such as lung disease, cardiovascular risk and malignancy, and should thus be strongly discouraged in patients with sicca