HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, DIETARY INTAKE, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF DOMINICAN CHILDREN

The purpose of this study was to assess nutrition and food security status of Dominican school children and their families. Anthropometric measures, diet recalls, and household food security surveys were used as tools in this assessment. This assessment may assist in prioritizing programs for the transitioning country of the Commonwealth of Dominica. In year 1, 199 children and 197 children in year 2 from 10 primary schools in 3 regions participated in the study. Four of the schools were involved with school feeding programs while six were not involved in school feeding programs. Weight was measured on an electric scale; height was measured with a portable stadiometer; and triceps skinfold was measured with skinfold calipers. BMI was calculated from height and weigh measurements. Children\u27s weight-for-age, height-for-age, BMI, and triceps skinfold thickness measures were compared to WHO growth standards for children. Twenty-four hour diet recall interviews were conducted with 198 children in year 1 and 196 children in year 2 by paper-and-pencil approach using standardized probes, food models, and coding. Intakes of food energy, macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals were compared to US and WHO reference intakes. Food items also were categorized into one of the six food groups of the Caribbean and as either traditional or non-traditional. Two hundred fifty-seven parents of children at the participating schools completed a food security questionnaire modeled after the USDA Household Food Security Survey. Questions were analyzed to determine levels of household food security as well as food security at the child level. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (SAS version 9.1; SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Descriptive statistics, frequencies, correlations, mixed procedures, and chi-square goodness of fit analyses were utilized. The probability of a type I error was set at 5%. Children in the Southeast region were significantly taller and heavier than children in either the north or Carib regions. Carib children were the smallest in comparison to children in the North or Southeast regions. Carib children also had significantly lower BMI than children in the North and Southeast regions in year 2. Overall, 12% of children were below the 3rd percentile while 23% were above the 97th percentile in year 1. In year 2, over half of the children were between the 3rd and 97th percentiles. Children in the Southeast region had significantly higher intake of several nutrients, including fiber, fat, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc. More than half of the children consumed less than 67% DRI for fiber, calcium, and potassium and 55% of children consumed less than the DRV for calcium and zinc. On a weight basis, children\u27s food came mostly from fruits, foods from animals, sweets, non-caloric beverages, mixed dishes, and staples than from other food groups. The food groups consumed by the greatest number of children in both years were staples, foods from animals, and fruits. The foods consumed by the fewest number of children were vegetables, mixed dishes, and soups, sauces, and gravies. Children consumed significantly fewer grams of non-traditional foods than traditional foods in both years. Few non-traditional and traditional foods were high in protein. Eleven percent of respondents had high household food security, 16% had marginal household food security; 31% had low household food security; and 42% had very low household food security. More households from the Southeast region had high food security (48%) than from the other two regions while more than half of the households in the Carib region had low to very low household food security status. Forty three percent of respondents had high or marginal food security status at the child level; 32% had low food security at the child level; and 25% had very low food security at the child level. Respondents from the north had the highest percentage of high child food security. Nutrient intake and anthropometric data of Dominican children compared closely to children in developed countries. Children were growing appropriately for their age, eating nutrient dense foods, eating appropriately from the food groups, and consuming more traditional than non-traditional foods. Nutrients of concern were calcium and folate; intakes of these nutrients should continue to be monitored. There were no significant correlations between the availability of school feeding programs and anthropometric measures, nutrient intake or food security status. This may reflect the lack of standardization in the school feeding programs. With further development of the school feeding programs in schools throughout Dominica, positive impacts may be seen. Given the mostly traditional and varied diet consumed by the children in this study and the overall adequacy of intake, school feeding programs could help this population maintain a healthy lifestyle

Construction and statistical analysis of group auditory tests for grades one, two and three.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Textual Persuasion: Trauma Representation in Mark Z. Danielewski\u27s House of Leaves

Textualization is the act of putting words on a page. Typography is the style and way in which the textualization of the text appears to the reader. Together, textualization and typography have the ability to coerce the reader into a specific reading pattern. Mark Z. Danielewski has combined textualization and typography in his complex novel House of Leaves as a unique attempt to represent trauma in the space between language and written language. Typical textual play becomes textual persuasion as the reader is guided through the labyrinth of text by typographical coercion. In this novel, these elements of play essentially force the reader to partake in a trauma-inducing literary, physical, and mental journey by means of engaging with a story that challenges reality and perception. This thesis will explain how textualization and typography create a powerful and manipulative guide through both the novel and the maze that folds within the house at the center of the novel. Lastly, it will demonstrate how to travel through the house and describe the effect in which this journey attempts to have on a reader

Validity Coefficients, Norm Tables, and Expectancy Tables Based on Central Washington State College Students’ Performance on the Washington Pre-College Tests

The study was developed with three purposes: to develop WPCT normative data for Central Washington State College (CWSC), to establish the validity of the WPCT for CWSC, and to provide expectancy tables for the use of school guidance personnel in counseling students who are present or anticipate attending CWSC

Being Real: Gen-Z, Self-Presentation, and Authenticity on Social Media

What does it mean to truly be real? This question of authenticity is one that scholars have been asking for years, and it is now echoed by members of Generation-Z as they trailblaze a new frontier for media through social media platforms that encourage authenticity. Considering this shift in social media practices, Gen-Z users appear to be implementing a ‘realer’ approach to social media than previous generations’ edited and filtered content. However, does this ‘real’ content actually feel real to the users creating and consuming it? The abstract nature of the concept of authenticity creates a significant amount of ambiguity surrounding one singular definition and suggests that there is consistent development occurring in terms of Generation Z’s perception of authenticity, as well as their expectation of this characteristic from their peers on social media. Although authenticity is important to Gen-Z, research shows that members of this group can also be likely to shift their self-presentation dramatically based on the social media platform they are using, and follow practices of conformity with their own peers (Darr, 2022). The new social media platform BeReal offers a new opportunity for users to self-present authentically and could change the way that users define authenticity as a whole. In this study, Gen-Z social media users underwent in-depth qualitative interviews examining their perceptions and definitions of authenticity in order to offer commentary on how much Gen-Z is prioritizing authenticity on social media, and how well social media platforms are measuring up to their expectations

Household Food Insecurity and Student Behavior: The Impact of One School\u27s Second Breakfast Program

Household Food Insecurity (HFI) is a frequent challenge for children living in poverty that impacts social, emotional, and behavioral development. Federally assisted meal programs, such as the National School Breakfast Program, address HFI for students living in poverty through free or reduced-price breakfast. However, there are challenges for students to take advantage of this opportunity, and it is underutilized. In this research, all middle school students at a high poverty school were offered a free of charge meal alternative called Second Chance Breakfast. Since this program was started, student participation in school breakfast increased and behavior incidences in school dropped significantly. Along with improved behavior outcomes, teachers reported improved student academic behavior

“I Am So Angry I Could . . . Help!” The nature of Empathic Anger

Empathy is widely viewed as a precursor to civic engagement, a mediator of other responses during civic engagement, and an outcome resulting from civic engagement. However, empathic sadness is can be biased toward helping a lone victim, a member of an in-group, a person who is physically nearby, and an individual who is personally identified. Alternatively, empathic anger occurs when an observer experiences anger, rather than sadness, on behalf of a victim as the basis for inferring social injustice and for taking action. Empathic anger represents an untapped dimension of motivation that is not captured within other approaches to motives for civic engagement. This article details three studies which found that those reporting higher empathic anger were altruistic, not aggressive, oriented toward advocacy rather than charitable service, nonprejudicial, endorsed a social justice perspective, and active in communities outside (and independent) of campus activities. Implications for future research on motives for civic engagement are presented as well as implications for designing service-learning courses to promote empathic anger as a basis for action directed at social justice issues

“Assuming there will be ups and downs”: exploring trauma awareness through the lived experiences of registered kinesiologists in Ontario

Background: At present, there is a movement in health care towards an approach that utilizes the components of trauma awareness to enhance care provision (Davis, Constigan, & Schubert, 2017; Felitti, 2017). Trauma awareness can be described as having three main elements: realizing the prevalence of trauma in society; recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma in patients; and responding to the trauma survivor by fully integrating knowledge about trauma into practices and procedures (Klinic, 2013). Researchers recommend that the best way to achieve the highest quality of care is for health care providers to become trauma aware (Bartlett et al., 2015; Harris & Fallot, 2001; Kelzelman & Stravropoulos, 2012; Klinic, 2013; Ko et al., 2008). Literature on the effects of trauma explains that trauma histories can influence the adoption of avoidance behaviours which, in turn, can interfere with a patient’s progress to achieve health goals such as exercise adherence (Clark et al., 2015; Kelzelman & Stravropoulos, 2012; Klinic, 2013). Given that 76% of Canadian adults report some form of trauma exposure in their lifetime (Van Ameringen, Mancini, Patterson, & Boyle 2008), an argument can be made that Registered Kinesiologists, relatively new regulated health professionals, need some foundational knowledge on trauma to help them identify related barriers that may explain why a person is avoiding exercise. To date, no studies have explored the notion of trauma awareness among Registered Kinesiologists in practice. Thus, advancing trauma awareness research in this context is both timely and warranted (Wayne et al., 2017). Not only will this information support the advancement of Kinesiology from professional and best practice standpoints (Ko et al., 2008), the patients themselves stand to gain a great deal in terms of quality care provision. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the concept of trauma awareness through the professional lived experiences of Registered Kinesiologists working in Ontario by applying a step-wise interview process. Details of each Registered Kinesiologist’s work experiences were gathered through three separate interviews in order to create a rich description of their trauma awareness as depicted through their realizing the prevalence of, recognizing, and responding to trauma in their practice

UAS Literary & Arts Journal

Proof copy provided by Tidal Echoes.Featuring the work of students, faculty, and staff of the University of Alaska Southeast and members of the community.A Note from Emily Wall -- Editor’s Note -- Mask -- Image of Nora, Rendering Seal Oil -- Based of course on hearsay -- Bowl with Spoon -- Gathering Indigo -- Shed -- Decay -- At the Core -- After Summer Time -- Sitka Fishing Boat -- Pericles at the Beach -- Funny Face Fido (detail) -- The Answer Dog -- Direction of the Wind -- Eagle -- An Interview with Nathan Jackson -- Water Becoming Land -- An Interview with John Straley -- Halibut Point View -- Night Monsters -- Sea Lion -- Trophy -- Humpback Flukes -- Homecoming -- Spinning Tires -- Hiking the Salt Chuck Trail -- Sitka Rose -- Columbine -- Chocolate Lily -- Bleeding Hearts -- Salmon Egg Puller—$2.15 an hour -- Granddaughters Dancing -- Sitka Sentinel -- Kootznoowoo -- Ode to Wildlife -- Dinner Party -- Floating Islands (detail) -- To My Departed Kishka -- Wisteria -- Untitled -- Fairweather Laundry -- Struggling with My Language -- “Culture” in the Juneau Museum -- Thane -- Juneau Goldbelt & 9th -- Pink Blue Leaves -- Slow Fall -- Tango -- Pacific Coast Mask with Copper Luster -- Against Confessional -- Sunday Afternoon 3:30 to 3:31 -- Downtown -- Tony, Six Flags Great Adventure, Jackson, New Jersey -- Land and Water Series -- On the Day They Buried Gus Hall -- Solju Sapnu -- Nattie -- The First Half of the Last Century -- A Church Remains -- Mexican Wall -- Eagle Reflections -- The Saving Son -- Axh Leelk’w -- Sinister Place -- Blue Halibuts -- Fishing Again -- The Masai -- Wanting to Know Water -- For Women Like Me -- Mountain Bleu -- Untitled -- Single Word Title -- Charms (detail) -- e.e isn’t Cummings back -- Mocha Gal -- Poppies -- Ideal Woman Blues -- Near the End -- Poet at Work -- Stills -- Serenity -- Lupine Bugs -- Spring Fiddleheads -- What a Piece of Work! -- Biographie