Ethnic-Racial Identity and Social Outcomes in Childhood: A Research Review

Ethnic-Racial Identity and Social Outcomes in Childhood: A Research Review Grace Bryan, Dept. of Sculpture, Keyri Hernandez, and Chloe Walker and Eryn DeLaney, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Students, with Dr. Chelsea Williams, Dept. of Psychology Ethnic-racial Identity (ERI) is the labeling, identification, and processing regarding ethnicity-race that takes place during childhood (Umana-Taylor, 2014). Development of ERI begins as early as 4 years (Derlan et al., 2017), and may have implications for social outcomes, such as prosocial and externalizing behaviors. The aim of the current narrative review was to review research that has tested how ERI is associated with social outcomes, and identify gaps in this field. The results of the narrative review suggest that, in adolescence, higher ERI is associated with better social outcomes, such as prosocial behaviors (Armenta et al 2011:Streit et al 2020). Further, findings of the review indicated that limited work has included individuals younger than adolescents; one study that did found that lower ERI was linked with more externalizing problem behaviors (Smith et al., 2009). The review also highlighted various gaps in this literature, such as that an operational definition of prosocial behavior in the context of ERI needs to be established, and there is a lack of research that includes multiracial individuals, and individuals younger than adolescents. Future research should investigate ERI and social outcomes in childhood with diverse samples, as such research may provide important information to school systems, counselors, and caregivers about the development of ERI and its implications for development.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1299/thumbnail.jp

Mixed speech and non-speech auditory displays: impacts of design, learning, and individual differences in musical engagement

Presented at the 25th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2019) 23-27 June 2019, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.Information presented in auditory displays is often spread across multiple streams to make it easier for listeners to distinguish between different sounds and changes in multiple cues. Due to the limited resources of the auditory sense and the fact that they are often untrained compared to the visual senses, studies have tried to determine the limit to which listeners are able to monitor different auditory streams while not compromising performance in using the displays. This study investigates the difference between non-speech auditory displays, speech auditory displays, and mixed displays; and the effects of the different display designs and individual differences on performance and learnability. Results showed that practice with feedback significantly improves performance regardless of the display design and that individual differences such as active engagement in music and motivation can predict how well a listener is able to learn to use these displays. Findings of this study contribute to understanding how musical experience can be linked to usability of auditory displays, as well as the capability of humans to learn to use their auditory senses to overcome visual workload and receive important information

Observations on Bog and Pollen Stratigraphy of the Des Moines Glacial Lobe, lowa

As part of an investigation into the effect of environmental changes of landscape and soils on the Des Moines lobe (Cary till), three deep bogs (Colo, Jewell, McCulloch) were examined in detail. The center profile of each has a surface peat underlain by deep, dark-colored, calcareous silts; these in turn are underlain by a second peat zone which passes into basal calcareous silts and eventually to till. Preliminary pollen data on the Colo bog shows six zones. The key zones are Zone 1 (0 to 75 inches), in which the pollen is of dominantly herbaceous genera indicating an open grassland environment, and Zones IV and V (102 to 155 to 212 inches) dominated by pollen of forest species. The changes in bog and pollen strata were probably related to a marked change from a cool climate in the early postglacial to a warmer climate in the latter part of the postglacial continuing to the present

On the 7th order ODE with submaximal symmetry

We find a general solution to the unique 7th order ODE admitting ten dimensional group of contact symmetries. The integral curves of this ODE are rational contact curves in \PP^3 which give rise to rational plane curves of degree six. The moduli space of these curves is a real form of the homogeneous space $Sp(4)/SL(2)$.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Final version - to appear in JG

Policy to Carry Us Beyond the Next Election: The 2022 midterm election showed resilience in election administration. Now, we must build it.

This report is a departure from the "sky is falling" tone that has become typical of debates about election administration. Protecting democracy is and always will be urgent. However, with 20 months before the next federal election, we have a rare opportunity to consider not just the next election but the next 100: to think long term about where we want our democracy to be for future generations, and what policy changes must be made now to get us there.This report pairs long-term vision with concrete, interim reforms. We lay out six goals for the future of election administration and detail actionable policy recommendations that, if implemented soon, would help make those goals a reality. We strive to supersede partisan politics as a motivator and instead place voters and election administrators front and center

Sampling geometries for ocular aberrometry: A model for evaluation of performance

The purpose of this work is to outline a simple model to assess the relative merits of different sampling grids for ocular aberrometry and illustrate it with an example. While in traditional Hartmann-Shack setups the sampling grid geometries have been somewhat restricted by the geometries of the available microlens arrays, other techniques such as laser ray tracing or spatially resolved refractometry allow for a greater freedom of choice. For all available setups, including HS, it is worth studying which of these choices perform better in terms of accuracy (closeness of the obtained results to the actual ones) and precision (uncertainty of the obtained results). Whilst the mathematical model presented in this paper is quite general and it can be applied to optimise existing or new aberrometers, the numerical results presented in the example are only valid for the particular aberration sample used and centroiding algorithms studied, and should not be generalised outside of these boundariesS

SB 106 Congressional and state legislative districts; standards and criteria

This report examines Senate Bill (SB) 106, introduced during the 2018 Virginia General Assembly session to address the criterion of redistricting and the specific impact on racial and ethnic minorities. This legislation is a direct response to previous legislative attempts to address gerrymandering and remains an evolving issue in the Commonwealth

van der Waals epitaxy of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride on copper foil : growth, crystallography and electronic band structure

We investigate the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on copper foil by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LP-CVD). At low pressure, h-BN growth proceeds through the nucleation and growth of triangular islands. Comparison between the orientation of the islands and the local crystallographic orientation of the polycrystalline copper foil reveals an epitaxial relation between the copper and h-BN, even on Cu(100) and Cu(110) regions whose symmetry is not matched to the h-BN. However, the growth rate is faster and the islands more uniformly oriented on Cu(111) grains. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal a well-defined band structure for the h-BN, consistent with a band gap of 6 eV, that is decoupled from the copper surface beneath. These results indicate that, despite a weak interaction between h-BN and copper, van der Waals epitaxy defines the long range ordering of h-BN even on polycrystalline copper foils and suggest that large area, single crystal, monolayer h-BN could be readily and cheaply produced