905 research outputs found
Effective Field Theory in Nuclear Many-Body Physics
Recent progress in Lorentz-covariant quantum field theories of the nuclear
many-body problem (quantum hadrodynamics, or QHD) is discussed. The importance
of modern perspectives in effective field theory and density functional theory
for understanding the successes of QHD is emphasized.
To appear in: 150 Years of Quantum Many-Body Theory: A conference in honour
of the 65th birthdays of John W. Clark, Alpo J. Kallio, Manfred L. Ristig, and
Sergio Rosati.Comment: 10 pages, REVTeX 3.0 with epsf.sty, plus 2 figure
Recent Progress in Quantum Hadrodynamics
Quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) is a framework for describing the nuclear
many-body problem as a relativistic system of baryons and mesons. Motivation is
given for the utility of such an approach and for the importance of basing it
on a local, Lorentz-invariant lagrangian density. Calculations of nuclear
matter and finite nuclei in both renormalizable and nonrenormalizable,
effective QHD models are discussed. Connections are made between the effective
and renormalizable models, as well as between relativistic mean-field theory
and more sophisticated treatments. Recent work in QHD involving nuclear
structure, electroweak interactions in nuclei, relativistic transport theory,
nuclear matter under extreme conditions, and the evaluation of loop diagrams is
reviewed.Comment: 115 pages, REVTeX 3.0 with epsf.sty, ijmpe1.sty, srev.sty,
symbols.sty, plus 10 figure
Search for the second forbidden beta decay of 8B to the ground state of 8Be
A significant decay branch of 8B to the ground state of 8Be would extend the
solar neutrino spectrum to higher energies than anticipated in the standard
solar models. These high-energy neutrinos would affect current neutrino
oscillation results and also would be a background to measurements of the hep
process. We have measured the delayed alpha particles from the decay of 8B,
with the goal of observing the two 46-keV alpha particles arising from the
ground-state decay. The 8B was produced using an in-flight radioactive beam
technique. It was implanted in a silicon PIN-diode detector that was capable of
identifying the alpha-particles from the 8Be ground state. From this
measurement we find an upper limit (at 90% confidence level) of 7.3 x 10^{-5}
for the branching ratio to the ground state. In addition to describing this
measurement, we present a theoretical calculation for this branching ratio.Comment: One reference corrected. Minor edits in tex
Wybrane aspekty strategii politycznego public relations na przykładzie polskich pozaparlamentarnych partii lewicowych. Pierwsza dekada XXI wieku
The study of political parties’ political public relations strategies in terms of image building is an interesting and important topie. The aim of the article is a reflection on the place and role of non-parliamentary parties of the Polish left-wing scene. These groups are similar in their organizational structure, platforms (often strikingly similar to the mainstream parties or other peripheral leftist groups), financial situation (no secured budget, which is a significant obstacle in financing of election campaigns and maintaining proper structures).Badanie strategii politycznego public relations partii politycznych w zakresie budowania wizerunku jest ciekawym i ważnym tematem. Celem artykułu są rozważania na temat miejsca i roli partii pozaparlamentarnych, które kształtują polską lewicową scenę pozaparlamentarną. Ugrupowania te są do siebie podobne w kwestii budowanej struktury organizacyjnej, zapisu programowego (często łudząco przypominającego partie mainstreamowe lub statuty innych peryferyjnych ugrupowań lewicowych), sytuacji ekonomicznej (brak zaplecza budżetowego, co stanowi znaczną przeszkodę w finansowaniu kampanii wyborczych oraz utrzymywaniu poprawnych struktur partyjnych)
Bridging over p-wave pi-production and weak processes in few-nucleon systems with chiral perturbation theory
I study an aspect of chiral perturbation theory (\chi PT) which enables one
to ``bridge'' different reactions. That is, an operator fixed in one of the
reactions can then be used to predict the other. For this purpose, I calculate
the partial wave amplitude for the p-wave pion production (pp\to pn\pi^+) using
the pion production operator from the lowest and the next nonvanishing orders.
The operator includes a contact operator whose coupling has been fixed using a
matrix element of a low-energy weak process (pp\to de^+\nu_e). I find that this
operator does not reproduce the partial wave amplitude extracted from
experimental data, showing that the bridging over the reactions with
significantly different kinematics is not necessarily successful. I study the
dependence of the amplitude on the various inputs such as the NN potential, the
\pi N\Delta coupling, and the cutoff. I argue the importance of a higher order
calculation. In order to gain an insight into a higher order calculation, I add
a higher order counter term to the operator used above, and fit the couplings
to both the low-energy weak process and the pion production. The energy
dependence of the partial wave amplitude for the pion production is described
by the operator consistently with the data. However, I find a result which
tells us to be careful about the convergence of the chiral expansion for the
pp\to pn\pi^+ reaction.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, figures changed, compacted tex
Nuclear Hydrodynamics in a Relativistic Mean Field Theory
Paper by J. D. Waleck
Neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections based on relativistic nuclear energy density functional
Background: Inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering through the weak
neutral-current plays important role in stellar environment where transport of
neutrinos determine the rate of cooling. Since there are no direct experimental
data on neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections available, only the
modeling of these reactions provides the relevant input for supernova
simulations. Purpose: To establish fully self-consistent framework for
neutral-current neutrino-nucleus reactions based on relativistic nuclear energy
density functional. Methods: Neutrino-nucleus cross sections are calculated
using weak Hamiltonian and nuclear properties of initial and excited states are
obtained with relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model and relativistic
quasiparticle random phase approximation that is extended to include pion
contributions for unnatural parity transitions. Results: Inelastic
neutral-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections for 12C, 16O, 56Fe, 56Ni, and
even isotopes {92-100}Mo as well as respective cross sections averaged over
distribution of supernova neutrinos. Conclusions: The present study provides
insight into neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections in the neutral channel,
their theoretical uncertainty in view of recently developed microscopic models,
and paves the way for systematic self-consistent large-scale calculations
involving open-shell target nuclei.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physical Review
Electron Scattering for Nuclear and Nucleon Structure
The scattering of high-energy electrons from nuclear and nucleon targets provides a microscope for examining the structure of these tiny objects. The best evidence we have on what nuclei and nucleons actually look like comes from electron scattering. This 2001 book examines the motivation for electron scattering and develops the theoretical analysis of the process. It discusses our theoretical understanding of the underlying structure of nuclei and nucleons at appropriate levels of resolution and sophistication, and summarizes experimental electron scattering capabilities. Only a working knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity is assumed, making this a suitable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. It will also provide a valuable summary and reference for researchers already working in electron scattering and other areas of nuclear and particle physics. This text has been reissued as an Open Access publication
Direct Urca processes on nucleons in cooling neutron stars
We use the field theoretical model to perform relativistic calculations of
neutrino energy losses caused by the direct Urca processes on nucleons in the
degenerate baryon matter. By our analysis, the direct neutron decay in the
superdense nuclear matter under beta equilibrium is open only due to the
isovector meson fields, which create a large energy gap between protons and
neutrons in the medium. Our expression for the neutrino energy losses, obtained
in the mean field approximation, incorporates the effects of nucleon recoil,
parity violation, weak magnetism, and pseudoscalar interaction. For numerical
testing of our formula, we use a self-consistent relativistic model of the
multicomponent baryon matter. The relativistic emissivity of the direct Urca
reactions is found substantially larger than predicted in the non-relativistic
approach. We found that, due to weak magnetism effects, relativistic
emissivities increase by approximately 40-50%, while the pseudoscalar
interaction only slightly suppresses the energy losses, approximately by 5%.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
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