353 research outputs found
Principal infinity-bundles - General theory
The theory of principal bundles makes sense in any infinity-topos, such as
that of topological, of smooth, or of otherwise geometric
infinity-groupoids/infinity-stacks, and more generally in slices of these. It
provides a natural geometric model for structured higher nonabelian cohomology
and controls general fiber bundles in terms of associated bundles. For suitable
choices of structure infinity-group G these G-principal infinity-bundles
reproduce the theories of ordinary principal bundles, of bundle
gerbes/principal 2-bundles and of bundle 2-gerbes and generalize these to their
further higher and equivariant analogs. The induced associated infinity-bundles
subsume the notions of gerbes and higher gerbes in the literature.
We discuss here this general theory of principal infinity-bundles, intimately
related to the axioms of Giraud, Toen-Vezzosi, Rezk and Lurie that characterize
infinity-toposes. We show a natural equivalence between principal
infinity-bundles and intrinsic nonabelian cocycles, implying the classification
of principal infinity-bundles by nonabelian sheaf hyper-cohomology. We observe
that the theory of geometric fiber infinity-bundles associated to principal
infinity-bundles subsumes a theory of infinity-gerbes and of twisted
infinity-bundles, with twists deriving from local coefficient infinity-bundles,
which we define, relate to extensions of principal infinity-bundles and show to
be classified by a corresponding notion of twisted cohomology, identified with
the cohomology of a corresponding slice infinity-topos.
In a companion article [NSSb] we discuss explicit presentations of this
theory in categories of simplicial (pre)sheaves by hyper-Cech cohomology and by
simplicial weakly-principal bundles; and in [NSSc] we discuss various examples
and applications of the theory.Comment: 46 pages, published versio
Mpox Virus in Pregnancy, the Placenta, and Newborn.
Before its eradication, the smallpox virus was a significant cause of poor obstetric outcomes, including maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The mpox (monkeypox) virus is now the most pathogenic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus infecting humans. The 2022 global mpox outbreak has focused attention on its potential effects during pregnancy.
To understand the comparative effects of different poxvirus infections on pregnancy, including mpox virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. The impact on the pregnant individual, fetus, and placenta will be examined, with particular attention to the occurrence of intrauterine vertical transmission and congenital infection.
The data are obtained from the authors' cases and from various published sources, including early historical information and contemporary publications.
Smallpox caused maternal and perinatal death, with numerous cases reported of intrauterine transmission. In endemic African countries, mpox has also affected pregnant individuals, with up to a 75% perinatal case fatality rate. Since the start of the 2022 mpox outbreak, increasing numbers of pregnant women have been infected with the virus. A detailed description is given of the congenital mpox syndrome in a stillborn fetus, resulting from maternal-fetal transmission and placental infection, and the potential mechanisms of intrauterine infection are discussed. Other poxviruses, notably vaccinia virus and, in 1 case, cowpox virus, can also cause perinatal infection. Based on the historical evidence of poxvirus infections, mpox remains a threat to the pregnant population, and it can be expected that additional cases will occur in the future
Topological defects for the free boson CFT
Two different conformal field theories can be joined together along a defect
line. We study such defects for the case where the conformal field theories on
either side are single free bosons compactified on a circle. We concentrate on
topological defects for which the left- and right-moving Virasoro algebras are
separately preserved, but not necessarily any additional symmetries. For the
case where both radii are rational multiples of the self-dual radius we
classify these topological defects. We also show that the isomorphism between
two T-dual free boson conformal field theories can be described by the action
of a topological defect, and hence that T-duality can be understood as a
special type of order-disorder duality.Comment: 43 pages, 4 figure
A Q-methodological study of 'smoking identities'
publication-status: Publishedtypes: ArticleIn contrast to the psychological literature on adolescent smoking, little research has investigated the social identities of adult smokers. This study aimed to identify shared âsmoking identitiesâ amongst a sample of 64 British smokers from different socio-economic groups using Q-methodology. Participants were asked to sort 70 items concerning smoking and smokers according to their agreement/disagreement with them. The 64 Q-sorts were then subjected to a by-person factor analysis yielding six factors, with the first four interpretable factors being presented here. Each factor is understood to represent a distinct âidentity positionâ. The first two, the âaddictedâ smoker, and the âin controlâ smoker, oriented around a biomedical model of smoking as an addictive health risk. The final two, the âno big dealâ smoker and the âproudâ smoker reflected alternative understandings and values. The identity positions also differed in the extent to which smoking was considered a core part of self-identity. Unpacking the âsmoking identitiesâ of current smokers offers the opportunity to devise targeted health promotion.Economic and Social Research Counci
A Cell of Oneâs Own? Incarceration and Other Turning Points in Womenâs Journeys to Desistance
Research has shown the importance of turning points in desistance from criminal behavior. Using qualitative data from a sample of 100 formerly incarcerated mothers interviewed about their criminal behavior, this article explores their descriptions of transition moments and whether and how those moments affected their criminal behavior. The findings indicate that whereas parenting emerges as a turning point, the practical difficulties of reentry may reduce the impact of mothering on womenâs desistance. More self-focused turning points, such as those due to incarceration, arrest, and sobriety appeared to be particularly important to the womenâs desistance. This article emphasizes the need for research into the subjective and environmental factors that affect womenâs desistance behaviors
A future without forgiveness: beyond reconciliation in transitional justice
This article questions the promotion of reconciliation in transitional justice contexts. The article puts forward a critique of reconciliation in practice and questions mainstream definitions of reconciliation. The principle that these forms of reconciliation are desirable is also questioned. It is argued that examples of genuine reconciliation are difficult to find, that the promotion of reconciliation is frequently emphasised at the expense of substantive societal change, that emphasis on reconciliation (narrowly defined) risks taking agency away from those affected by conflict and that emphasis on reconciliation may obscure injustice and may promote acceptance of the status quo. The article suggests that reconciliation is not a necessary condition of, and should be de-emphasised in, transitional justice and, if it is promoted at all, that a different, less prescriptive notion of reconciliation is necessary
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Airway hyperresponsiveness, but not airway remodeling, is attenuated during chronic pulmonary allergic responses to Aspergillus in CCR4â/â mice
The role of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) during the development and maintenance of Th2type allergic airway disease is controversial. In this study, we examined the role of CCR4 in the chronic allergic airway response to live Aspergillus fumigatus spores, or conidia, in A. fumigatussensitized mice. After the conidia challenge, mice lacking CCR4 (CCR4â/â mice) exhibited significantly increased numbers of airway neutrophils and macrophages, and conidia were more rapidly eliminated from these mice compared with control CCR4 wildâtype (CCR4+/+) mice. Significant airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine was observed at day 3 in CCR4â/â mice, whereas at days 7 and 30, airway hyperresponsiveness was attenuated in these mice compared with control mice. A major reduction in peribronchial and airway eosinophilia was observed in CCR4â/â mice at all times after conidia challenge in contrast to CCR4+/+ mice. Further, whole lung levels of interleukin (IL) 4 and ILâ5 were significantly increased in CCR4â/â mice at day 3, whereas these Th2 cytokines and ILâ13 were significantly decreased at day 30 in CCR4â/â mice compared with their wildâtype counterparts. Peribronchial fibrosis and goblet cell hyperplasia were similar in both groups of mice throughout the course of this model. In summary, CCR4 modulates both innate and acquired immune responses associated with chronic fungal asthma.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154441/1/fsb2fasebj16100193-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154441/2/fsb2fasebj16100193.pd
"âWe just want to be treated with respect!â: Using restorative approaches and the dramatic arts to build positive relationships between the police and young people"
This article explores the application of an ambitious arts-based restorative intervention that has been applied in a direct response to perceived issues with procedural justice, legitimacy and community relations between police and young people. The research focuses on a series of Youth Forums that took place in the West of England, employed as an attempt to improve strained relationships between both parties. It reports on detailed ethnographic research of the Forum processes and procedures presenting this primary evidence in light of the existing literature on police legitimacy and procedural justice in police-youth encounters. The findings suggest that community-based arts programmes can be a powerful and effective tool for challenging entrenched views with the potential to improve future encounters between police and young people; and that the relevance and effectiveness of arts-based interventions can be increased by combining with restorative justice principles
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