LES of non-Newtonian physiological blood flow in a model of arterial stenosis

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is performed to study the physiological pulsatile transition-to-turbulent non-Newtonian blood flow through a 3D model of arterial stenosis by using five different blood viscosity models: (i) Power-law, (ii) Carreau, (iii) Quemada, (iv) Cross and (v) modified-Casson. The computational domain has been chosen is a simple channel with a biological type stenosis formed eccentrically on the top wall. The physiological pulsation is generated at the inlet of the model using the first four harmonic series of the physiological pressure pulse (Loudon and Tordesillas [1]). The effects of the various viscosity models are investigated in terms of the global maximum shear rate, post-stenotic re-circulation zone, mean shear stress, mean pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy. We find that the non-Newtonian viscosity models enlarge the length of the post-stenotic re-circulation region by moving the reattachment point of the shear layer separating from the upper wall further downstream. But the turbulent kinetic energy at the immediate post-lip of the stenosis drops due to the effects of the non-Newtonian viscosity. The importance of using LES in modelling the non-Newtonian physiological pulsatile blood flow is also assessed for the different viscosity models in terms of the results of the dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) stress Smagorinsky model constant, C<sub>s</sub>, and the corresponding SGS normalised viscosity

Interview with Walter E. Geiger

An interview with Walter E. Geiger about his work with the Union Pacific Railroad. Audio is on tape MS016_13-2_71-034https://scholars.fhsu.edu/koh/1086/thumbnail.jp

Depreciation of Intangibles: An Area of the Tax Law in Need of Change

Under tax law in 1993, depreciation of many purchased intangibles was denied on the theory that they have an unlimited, or at least indeterminate life. However, many taxpayers challenged this theory on the ground that intangibles are subject to wear and tear like any other asset. This Comment argues that the imprecise factual nature of this issue has led to unnecessary complexity and uncertainty, a great burden on the courts, and unfair treatment of taxpayers. The Comment analyzes justifications for the depreciation of goodwill and other intangibles in the nature of goodwill. It examines possible solutions to these problems with a view toward significantly reducing the inequity and controversy, and recommends a legislative solution

Males\u27 and Females\u27 Attitudes Toward a Prospective Social Group Member with a History of Mental Illness

Attitudes of male and female subjects toward a prospective social group member who did/did not have a history of mental illness were investigated. The cognitive, behavioral and affective components of subjects\u27 attitudes were measured. Results from the cognitive measure indicated that: 1) Subjects in the experimental condition perceived the confederate less positively on personal characteristics indicative of moral character. 2) Male subjects perceived the confederate as more dependable when she had a history of mental illness, while female subjects perceived her as less dependable when she disclosed history of mental illness. On the behavioral and affective component measures, there were no significant differences between the groups

Quantifying Near-Bank Turbulence Through a Storm Event

Sediment is a leading cause of water quality impairment for streams and rivers. Streambank erosion is a dominant source contributing to sediment pollution and there is a growing need for adopting management practices to reduce it. Bank retreat occurs from a combination of fluvial erosion, subaerial processes, and mass failure. Fluvial entrainment, initiated by near-boundary turbulence, is one of the main drivers of streambank retreat as it leads to unstable streambank geometries. This research characterized the turbulent structure of flow near the toe of a streambank throughout a storm event, at times of high shear stress. The specific objectives included designing and building a field mount to support in-stream velocimeters during high flow events, quantifying the distribution of Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) through a storm hydrograph, and identifying the relationship between hydraulic radius and turbulent stresses.;Three-dimensional velocity was measured using a Sontek 16-MHz ADV (Field) and two-dimensional velocity was measured using a Sontek SL3000 (ADCP) at baseflow and through a storm hydrograph at an experimental cross-section (West Run in Morgantown, WV). Velocity was measured (2 min sample time at 25 Hz) and stream stage was recorded every seven minutes with the ADV throughout a 17 hour storm event. One time-averaged velocity measurement (5 min sample time, 1 Hz) and stream stage were recorded continuously throughout an 8 hour storm event using the ADCP. Physical stability was monitored by measuring channel geometry, grain roughness, and vegetation parameters (i.e. location, size, and density) before and after each storm event. Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulence intensities were calculated for each velocity time series, resulting in a time distribution of shear stress and turbulence characteristics.;This research resulted in the development of methods for ADV and ADCP deployment throughout storm events, including the use of two custom fabricated mounts. The study also found that TKE increased with an increase in stage height, while Reynolds stresses indicated no linear trend. Applied shear stress estimated by average boundary shear stress was found to be roughly 18 to 43 times greater than applied shear stress estimated by turbulence statistics, which may alter the ability of models to predict erosion depending on the method used. Finally, a comparison of the ADV and ADCP indicated that the ADV shows higher potential for obtaining near-bank velocity measurements and estimating local applied shear stress. Ultimately, these results will provide information on current instrumentation and methods used in the field and will provide information on the distribution of streambank erosion potential throughout storm events

Northern Thai Theravada Folk Buddhism through the Eyes of Buddhist Background Believers

NORTHERN THAI THERAVADA FOLK BUDDHISM THROUGH THE EYES OF BUDDHIST BACKGROUND BELIEVERS Nicholas Blaine Walburn, PhD The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2018 Chair: Dr. George H. Martin The research in this dissertation reveals that the testimonies of Northern Thai Buddhist background believers include two themes: relationship as a motivator for religious adherence and tradition. These themes are present in shared descriptions of their former practice as folk Buddhists. These themes are also prominent in their testimonies of how they came to Christ and in their current practices as Christians. Chapter 1 presents the research question and methodology. The research question is “What trends are present in the testimonies of formerly Buddhist Northern Thai Christians?” Methodology includes literature review, interviews, narrative analysis, and grounded theory. Chapter 2 contains a description of historical folk Buddhism and recounts the history of Christian mission in Northern Thailand. This chapter presents the reader with historical instances of many ritual forms that are present in respondents’ accounts. Chapter 3 includes respondents’ answers to interview questions and organizes them according to two themes: relationship as a motivator for religious adherence and tradition. Their answers provide composite narratives of how respondents left folk Buddhism and became Christians. Chapter 4 includes interaction with themes identified in respondents’ accounts and pertinent literature. Chapter 5 is composed of suggestions for ministry and evangelism among Northern Thai folk Buddhists based upon identified themes from respondents’ accounts and pertinent literature. Chapter 6 summarizes findings and emphasizes the importance of relationships as motivators for religious adherence. Also highlighted is the prominent place of traditions among Northern Thai folk Buddhists. Concluding chapters discuss the importance of understanding these themes for researching Northern Thai folk Buddhism and for furthering Christian missions in Northern Thailand. This dissertation highlights the need for Northern Thai Christians to form gospel-centered relationships when evangelizing and making disciples among Northern Thai folk Buddhists. Also emphasized are traditional elements of the folk Buddhist worldview that act as barriers to Christian evangelism and discipleship in Northern Thailand. Because this dissertation is written from a Christian worldview, suggestions intended to further acceptance of the gospel among Northern Thai folk Buddhists are included

A Most Disgraceful, Sordid,Disreputable, Drunken Brawl : Paul Cadmus and the Politics of Queerness in the Early Twentieth Century

This paper examines the work of Paul Cadmus from 1930 to 1948. Over the span of nearly three decades, Cadmus\u27s art evolved from covert depictions of queer culture to an explicit depiction of the politics of queerness in immediate postwar America. Cadmus’s legacy is unique because his art documents the shifting conceptualizations of gender and sexuality in the first half of the twentieth century. He is also notable because he so masterfully maneuvered the liminal space between private and public, painting subversive images immersed in covert queerness early in his career and later using queer art as a tool of political commentary