Small firm marketing : an analysis of small firm marketing approaches in Hong Kong.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN014403 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Physical literacy-based intervention for older adults:a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol

The ageing population creates concerns and challenges worldwide. The large number of older adults (aged over 65) in Hong Kong continues to rise as people live longer. This may result in heavy burdens on public services and problems such as a shortage of medical resources. The purpose of this study is to implement a physical literacy-based intervention among older adults in Hong Kong in order to achieve the goal of health promotion. A two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be employed in this proposed study. Ten daycare centers for the older adults in Hong Kong will be invited to participate in this study. The intervention group will receive functional fitness training and mastering physical literacy class twice a week with buddy peer support, and they will be asked to keep a reflective writing journal on a daily basis for 12 weeks in total. Participants will be evaluated at baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 12), and at 6-week follow-up (week 18). This will consist of objective and self-reported measures covering elements within physical literacy (i.e., physical competence, motivation and confidence, knowledge and understanding) and also physical activity levels on an individual basis. The study intends to introduce a conceptual framework of physical literacy for the older adults through an intervention that allows older people to develop daily behaviour habits, which should promote active ageing for the older adults and greater self-esteem in later life. After this study, participants may share their positive experiences, and encourage their peers in the community to become physically literate in the future. In the long run, due to the feasibility and sustainability of these potential programs, this proposed study has the potential to connect seniors through social engagement and contribute to healthy living. Clinical trial approval from the National Library of Medicine (Reference number: NCT06137859)

Brand Naming Practices Of Chinese Enterprises: A Tentative Model

Literature review suggests that Western researchers adopt the stepwise approach to investigate the brand naming process and develop models and tenets for brand naming practices. Notably, however, management researchers query the applicability of the broad Western brand naming principles in a Chinese sociocultural context. This paper examines the brand naming practices of Chinese enterprises. Eleven Chinese managers were in-depth interviewed. The research results reveal that Chinese managers tend to follow a four-step approach in choosing brand names. They are: 1) generating brand names, 2) screening brand names, 3) choosing brand names, and 4) applying for registration. Chinese managers tend to use ‘good luck’ and ‘foreign-sounding’ frequently to evaluate brand names. Advertising agencies and brand consultants are involved in the evaluation process. Interestingly, government officials are influential in the brand naming decision of Chinese enterprises. However, few enterprises undertake formal research such as consumer surveys to evaluate brand names. Most Chinese enterprises, to play safe, register for more than one brand name to establish a name pool. The research findings suggest that the Eastern and Western brand naming processes are different and there is a need to develop a Chinese brand naming model

Estimation of Complete Period Life Tables for Singaporeans

Complete period life tables, with death rates for every year of age, are not available in Singapore. This study constructs such tables for Singaporeans from the limited mortality information contained in the abridged life tables provided by the Singapore Department of Statistics. We find that linear interpolation, Whittaker graduation, and the Coale-Kisker method together can generate complete life tables that are smooth and continuous. The validity of the complete life tables generated by our method is further confirmed by (1) comparing the life expectancies calculated from our estimated life tables with those provided by the Singapore Department of Statistics, and (2) comparing the shapes of the mortality functions derived from our life tables with those derived from the Commissioner\u27s Valuation Tables for assured lives in Singapore

Yuan and marketing: The perception of Chinese owner-managers

Entrepreneurship researchers point to the lack of any substantial assessment of the state of research into entrepreneurship in regions other than North America. Thus, to advance entrepreneurship research and build an indigenous model, this paper attempts to explain Yuan or external locus of control [cf. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (Whole No. 609)], in the context of Chinese owner-managers. This paper undertakes a narrative analysis of the interviews conducted with 48 Chinese, 26 Hong Kong and 28 Taiwanese owner-managers and/or chief marketing executives of small and medium enterprises about how Yuan affects their marketing practices. Four dimensions of Yuan (e.g., association, quality, matching and attitude) were identified. A two-dimensional model using the optimal scaling method was applied to determine the interdependence of the four dimensions. Four groups, namely Yuan accepters, anti-Yuan-ers, stuck in the middlers, and dedicated Yuan believers, emerged. The results suggest that Yuan believers tend to exhibit higher company performance.Chinese owner-manager Small firm marketing Yuan External locus of control

Exploring brand management strategies in Chinese manufacturing industry

The purpose of this paper was to empirically explore how Chinese private manufacturers make strategic branding decisions. We develop a conceptual framework to investigate the branding decisions undertaken by Chinese manufacturers. Interview data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative categorical principal component analysis. Data reveal a branding schema that illustrate four types of B2B brander: achievement competencies branders, awareness competencies branders, novice competencies branders, and no-competencies branders. The schema describes the trajectory of the progressive evolution of B2B branders. This paper contributes to the long-called-for formation of a theoretical framework of B2B branding from the amorphous literature and provides a direction for manufacturers to undertake branding practice. The exploratory nature lays foundations for further research to investigate B2B branding in other contexts