Repeatability of brown adipose tissue measurements on FDG PET/CT following a simple cooling procedure for BAT activation

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is present in a significant number of adult humans and can be activated by exposure to cold. Measurement of active BAT presence, activity, and volume are desirable for determining the efficacy of potential treatments intended to activate BAT. The repeatability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of BAT presence, activity, and volume under controlled conditions has not been extensively studied. Eleven female volunteers underwent double baseline FDG PET imaging performed following a simple, regional cold intervention intended to activate brown fat. The cold intervention involved the lightly-clothed participants intermittently placing their feet on a block of ice while sitting in a cooled room. A repeat study was performed under the same conditions within a target of two weeks. FDG scans were obtained and maximum standardized uptake value adjusted for lean body mass (SULmax), CT Hounsfield units (HU), BAT metabolic volume (BMV), and total BAT glycolysis (TBG) were determined according to the Brown Adipose Reporting Criteria in Imaging STudies (BARCIST) 1.0. A Lin's concordance correlation (CCC) of 0.80 was found for BMV between test and retest imaging. Intersession BAT SULmax was significantly correlated (r = 0.54; p < 0.05). The session #1 mean SULmax of 4.92 ± 4.49 g/mL was not significantly different from that of session #2 with a mean SULmax of 7.19 ± 7.34 g/mL (p = 0.16). BAT SULmax was highly correlated with BMV in test and retest studies (r ≥ 0.96, p < 0.001). Using a simplified ice-block cooling method, BAT was activated in the majority (9/11) of a group of young, lean female participants. Quantitative assessments of BAT SUL and BMV were not substantially different between test and retest imaging, but individual BMV could vary considerably. Intrasession BMV and SULmax were strongly correlated. The variability in estimates of BAT activity and volume on test-retest with FDG should inform sample size choice in studies quantifying BAT physiology and support the dynamic metabolic characteristics of this tissue. A more sophisticated cooling method potentially may reduce variations in test-retest BAT studies

A Capsule of Some Unique Events in the History of the Iowa State University Veterinary College

A timeline of notable events in the history of the College of Veterinary Medicine

Conditional regularity of solutions of the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and implications for intermittency

Two unusual time-integral conditional regularity results are presented for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The ideas are based on $L^{2m}$-norms of the vorticity, denoted by $\Omega_{m}(t)$, and particularly on $D_{m} = \Omega_{m}^{\alpha_{m}}$, where $\alpha_{m} = 2m/(4m-3)$ for $m\geq 1$. The first result, more appropriate for the unforced case, can be stated simply : if there exists an $1\leq m < \infty$ for which the integral condition is satisfied ($Z_{m}=D_{m+1}/D_{m}$) $$\int_{0}^{t}\ln (\frac{1 + Z_{m}}{c_{4,m}}) d\tau \geq 0$$ then no singularity can occur on $[0, t]$. The constant $c_{4,m} \searrow 2$ for large $m$. Secondly, for the forced case, by imposing a critical \textit{lower} bound on $\int_{0}^{t}D_{m} d\tau$, no singularity can occur in $D_{m}(t)$ for \textit{large} initial data. Movement across this critical lower bound shows how solutions can behave intermittently, in analogy with a relaxation oscillator. Potential singularities that drive $\int_{0}^{t}D_{m} d\tau$ over this critical value can be ruled out whereas other types cannot.Comment: A frequency was missing in the definition of D_{m} in (I5) v3. 11 pages, 1 figur

The simultaneous long- and short-lived neutral kaon beams for experiment NA48

Simultaneous, nearly-collinear beams of long- and short-lived neutral kaons are an essential feature of the precision CP-violation experiment NA48 *) at the SPS. The present report describes the design and performance of these beams in relation to the requirements of the experiment

Factors Influencing Largemouth Bass Recruitment: Implications for the Illinois Management and Stocking Program

Annual Progress Report issued August 2002; NOTE: Two different reports numbered 02/06 were issued from the CAE.Report issued on: August 2002INHS Technical Report prepared for Division of Fisheries Illinois Department of Natural Resource

The simultaneous and nearly-collinear K0K^{0} beams for experiment NA48

A system of simultaneous and nearly-collinear beams of long- and short-lived neutral kaons has been installed and extensively studied. These beams form an integral part of the NA48 experiment at the CERN SPS, which aims to study direct CP-violation. The beam splitting is achieved by a novel application of a bent silicon crystal. The principles and design of these beams, as well as their performance are described

Cell encapsulation systems toward modular tissue regeneration: from immunoisolation to multifunctional devices

publishe

Evaluation of Muskellunge and Tiger Muskellunge Stocking Program, July 1, 1993 through June 30, 1994

unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

Effect of Preinjury Oral Anticoagulants on Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury from Falls in Older Adults

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156128/2/phar2435_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156128/1/phar2435.pd