62 research outputs found
Action diffusion and lifetimes of quasistationary states in the Hamiltonian Mean Field model
Out-of-equilibrium quasistationary states (QSSs) are one of the signatures of
a broken ergodicity in long-range interacting systems. For the widely studied
Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, the lifetime of some QSSs has been shown to
diverge with the number N of degrees of freedom with a puzzling N^1.7 scaling
law, contradicting the otherwise widespread N scaling law. It is shown here
that this peculiar scaling arises from the locality properties of the dynamics
captured through the computation of the diffusion coefficient in terms of the
action variable. The use of a mean first passage time approach proves to be
successful in explaining the non-trivial scaling at stake here, and sheds some
light on another case, where lifetimes diverging as e^N above some critical
energy have been reported
Spin-Glass Model Governs Laser Multiple Filamentation
We show that multiple filamentation patterns in high-power laser beams, can
be described by means of two statistical physics concepts, namely
self-similarity of the patterns over two nested scales, and nearest-neighbor
interactions of classical rotators. The resulting lattice spin model perfectly
reproduces the evolution of intense laser pulses as simulated by the Non-Linear
Schr\"odinger Equation, shedding a new light on multiple filamentation. As a
side benefit, this approach drastically reduces the computing time by two
orders of magnitude as compared to the standard simulation methods of laser
filamentation.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Laser filamentation as a new phase transition universality class
We show that the onset of laser multiple filamentation can be described as a
critical phenomenon that we characterize both experimentally and numerically by
measuring a set of seven critical exponents. This phase transition deviates
from any existing universality class, and offers a unique perspective of
conducting two-dimensional experiments of statistical physics at a human scale.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Reversibility of laser filamentation
We investigate the reversibility of laser filamentation, a self-sustained,
non-linear propagation regime including dissipation and time-retarded effects.
We show that even losses related to ionization marginally affect the
possibility of reverse propagating ultrashort pulses back to the initial
conditions, although they make it prone to finite-distance blow-up susceptible
to prevent backward propagation.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Non-linear Synthesis of Complex Laser Waveforms at Remote Distances
Strong deformation of ultrashort laser pulse shapes is unavoidable when
delivering high intensities at remote distances due to non-linear effects
taking place while propagating. Relying on the reversibility of laser
filamentation, we propose to explicitly design laser pulse shapes so that
propagation serves as a non-linear field synthesizer at a remote target
location. Such an approach allows, for instance, coherent control of molecules
at a remote distance, in the context of standoff detection of pathogens or
explosives.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure
Geographical Analysis of Sanitation Workers in the Urban District of Kut
Cleaning is one of the services provided by the state and its ad hoc institutions. Every developed country is clean due to the good planning and attention given to the staff of all municipalities and service institutions. Beside, the attention paid to this sector is considered one of the windows to maintain the states’ aesthetics. If janitors stop disposing of all the discarded wastes, the result will be having big piles of waste, affecting accordingly the health and safety of its citizens and the aesthetics of the areas. The janitors and those responsible for them are those that the state must take care of because of their importance to the state in general and to the province in particular. The importance of the research comes from the fact that the janitors are an integral part of the urban population of kut district. They further have a positive role in the removal of waste within the district, and because they are a neglected segment, the researcher has decided to address them in the present research because of the importance of the topic. The study has thus adopted the general approach in geography, i.e., the descriptive analytical approach to show detailed data on the sanitation workers. The study has mainly concluded that most of the janitors are of illiterate level of education and the lowest level of education is a preparatory school or above. Moreover, their income is of a low level, and so they live in slums, and some of them have no housing owned by them
Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Prediction and Feature Recovery Applied to Intrusion Detection in IoT
[EN] The purpose of a Network Intrusion Detection System is to detect intrusive, malicious activities or policy violations in a host or host's network. In current networks, such systems are becoming more important as the number and variety of attacks increase along with the volume and sensitiveness of the information exchanged. This is of particular interest to Internet of Things networks, where an intrusion detection system will be critical as its economic importance continues to grow, making it the focus of future intrusion attacks. In this work, we propose a new network intrusion detection method that is appropriate for an Internet of Things network. The proposed method is based on a conditional variational autoencoder with a specific architecture that integrates the intrusion labels inside the decoder layers. The proposed method is less complex than other unsupervised methods based on a variational autoencoder and it provides better classification results than other familiar classifiers. More important, the method can perform feature reconstruction, that is, it is able to recover missing features from incomplete training datasets. We demonstrate that the reconstruction accuracy is very high, even for categorical features with a high number of distinct values. This work is unique in the network intrusion detection field, presenting the first application of a conditional variational autoencoder and providing the first algorithm to perform feature recovery.This work has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad del Gobierno de Espana and the Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) within the project "Inteligencia distribuida para el control y adaptacion de redes dinamicas definidas por software, Ref: TIN2014-57991-C3-2-P", and the Project "Distribucion inteligente de servicios multimedia utilizando redes cognitivas adaptativas definidas por software", Ref: TIN2014-57991-C3-1-P, in the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento.Lopez-Martin, M.; Carro, B.; Sánchez-Esguevillas, A.; Lloret, J. (2017). Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Prediction and Feature Recovery Applied to Intrusion Detection in IoT. Sensors. 17(9):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091967S11717
Reproductive tactics used by the Lambari Astyanax aff. fasciatus in three water supply reservoirs in the same geographic region of the upper Iguaçu River
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How the Qur’an Was Preserved During the Prophet’s ﷺ Time: Mechanisms of Oral and Written Transmission
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The Use and Misuse of <i>Zakāh</i> Funds by Religious Institutions in North America
Despite being a foundational practice in Islam, deeply rooted in law and reflected in the theological and spiritual concepts of wealth and sustenance (rizq), discussions of applying obligatory alms (zakāh) rulings to majority non-Muslim countries are limited. The Muslim’s spiritual attitude toward finances is informed by a theological view that all forms of wealth ultimately belong to God. Sunni Muslim theologians define rizq to be what one actually (not potentially) consumes and benefits from (not possesses), which, alongside plentiful verses and Prophetic traditions, continuously motivate philanthropic giving without fearing scarcity. This article aims to investigate some major issues resulting from the unregulated procedures of zakāh collection and disbursement as practiced by North American Muslim organizations and religious leaders. The article (1) doctrinally analyzes how North American practices diverge from the rules of Islamic law (fiqh) regarding zakāh distribution, (2) examines the ramifications of contemporary Eastern–Western legal opinions (fatāwā) expanding the eligibility of charitable institutions to receive zakāh, and (3) investigates the practices of administering zakāh resources
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