Regioselective one-pot synthesis of 3,5-diarylpyrazoles

2338-2342The 3,5-diarylpyrazolines and pyrazoles have been easily synthesized in excellent yields by the reaction of 2'-hydroxy­chalcones with hydrazine hydrate. The 2'-hydroxychalcones are converted into flavanones and flavones by simple cyclisation methods and then into pyrazolines and pyrazoles, respectively. Alternatively, one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles has also been achieved by converting 2'-hydroxychalcones into pyrazolines and thereafter their dehydrogenation using I2-DMSO reagent. The regiochemistry of pyrazoles obtained via pyrazolines and from flavones has been compared

Zinc Therapy in Treatment of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves skin, mucous membrane, and nails. Prevalence of oral lichen planus varies between 0.5% and 2.6% of adult population worldwide with overall female preponderance. It is considered as a potentially malignant disorder with rate of transformation to oral cancer varying between 0.5% and 2%. Oral lichen planus may either be unilateral or bilateral, or may involve multiple sites. Although the exact etio-pathogenesis of this condition is unknown, it is believed that stress, use of medications, dental fillings, genetics, immunity, and hypersensitivity reactions may contribute to its pathogenesis. It is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorder in which CD8+ T cells are involved which release various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleuking-12 leading to disruption of basement membrane integrity. Zinc activates caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation, resulting in the apoptosis of keratinocytes. By prevention of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 activation, it inhibits T-cell accumulation in oral lichen planus, and by inhibiting MMP-9 it prevents cleavage of collagen IV resulting in maintaining the integrity of the basement membrane. The present case series describes the use of oral zinc acetate (50 mg) in patients having symptomatic oral lichen planus with favorable outcome in terms of size of lesion and global index score

Isolation of pathogenic Escherichia coli from buffalo meat sold in Parbhani city, Maharashtra, India

Aim: Isolation, characterization, in-vitro pathogenicity and antibiogram study of E.coli from buffalo meat sold in Parbhani city. Materials and Methods: Meat samples were collected from buffalo immediately after slaughter. Isolation, identification and enumeration of E. coli were done by following standard methods and protocols. Hemolysin test and Congo red binding assay were used to study in-vitro pathogenicity of E. coli isolates. Disc diffusion method was used to study antibiogram of pathogenic E. coli isolates. Results: A total of 250 buffalo meat samples were collected and processed. A total of 22 (8.80 percent) E. coli isolates were isolated with average differential count of 1.231 ± 0.136 log cfu/g on EMB agar. All the E. coli isolates were confirmed by 10 Grams staining, biochemical reactions and sugar fermentation and motility tests. A total of 9 (3.6 percent) E. coli isolates were found to be pathogenic by in-vitro pathogenicity testing. Antibiogram studies of pathogenic E. coli isolates showed that all 9 isolates were sensitive to gentamycin (20 ± 1.49 mm) while 7 isolate showed resistance to enrofloxacin (18.22 ± 3.58 mm) and tetracycline (11.44 ± 2.04 mm). Conclusion: Buffalo meat sold in Parbhani city is an important source of E. coli infection to human population. A total of 9 pathogenic E. coli were isolated from buffalo meat immediately after slaughter. All isolates were characterized and confirmed pathogenic by in-vitro pathogenicity tests. Antibiogram studies of all isolates revealed sensitivity to gentamicin and resistance to tetracycline and enrofloxacin. [Vet World 2013; 6(5.000): 277-279

Phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance profile of Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry farm and processing units located in and around Mumbai city, India

Background and Aim: The extensive use of antimicrobials in poultry has led to an increase in bacterial multidrug resistance, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is a global problem. This study was performed to detect antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars in poultry farming and processing environment. Materials and Methods: A total of 956 various samples, comprising 432 farm origin, 324 poultry processing stage wise and environmental, and 154 product processing stages and environmental samples, were collected from poultry farms and processing units located in and around Mumbai city. Of a total of 71 recovered isolates, 42 randomly selected Salmonella isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method and serotyping. A total of 31 serotypically confirmed isolates were characterized for the presence of tetA, tetB, blaTEM, and CTX-M gene. Results: Higher resistance was recorded against Doxycycline (100%), followed by Oxytetracycline (97.62%), Neomycin (88.10%), Erythromycin (83.33%), Tetracycline (78.57%), and Ceftizoxime (35.71%). Resistance from 0.00 to 26.19 percent was found to antimicrobials, namely Norfloxacin (26.19%), Ampicillin (21.43%), Azithromycin (21.43%), Ciprofloxacin (19.05%), Colistin (4.76%), Streptomycin (16.67%), Cefotaxime (14.19%), Enrofloxacin (14.29%), Amoxyclav (14.29%), Gentamicin (7.14%), Chloramphenicol (4.76%), Amikacin (4.76%), and Ceftazidime (0.0%). Results demonstrate that the Salmonella Virchow dominated and all serotypes were found to carry Tetracycline resistance gene tetA, 5 isolates were found to be positive for blaTEM, whereas none of the isolates were carrying tetB and CTX-M gene. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a significant rise of Tetracycline resistance with the presence of tetA gene in Salmonella spp. which indicates selective pressure for adopting resistance against tetracycline group of antibiotics