La Louisiane française : une poste outre-frontière de l’Amérique française ou un autre pays et une autre culture?

En résumant les caractéristiques et les modes de vie des francophones du sud-ouest de la Louisiane, on se doit d'insister sur les transformations intervenues depuis quelque temps. À un autre niveau, il semble apparaître une discordance entre la réalité vécue par cette population et l'image que s'en fabriquent l'élite locale ainsi que les Québécois. Ces deux dernières visions insistent sur la transplantation de cette population, sur ses origines acadiennes, voire même européennes, et, de ce fait, suggèrent une certaine parenté avec le Canada français et la francophonie mondiale. Toutefois, les faits indiquent une culture créole distincte et séparée, dont les seules affinités avec l'Amérique française sont peut-être du côté des Métis de l'Ouest canadien. Le rejet systématique de cette réalité est attribué, d'une part, à l'américanisation de l'élite louisianaise et, d'autre part, à la vision continentale du Québec et à la signification idéologique de cette vision pour la nation québécoise contemporaine.The ethnic attributes and adaptive strategies of the francophones of southwestern Louisiana are summarised, placing emphasis on the historical transformations that these have undergone. This formal description of the population is contrasted with, one, the images that are promoted by the local francophone élite and, two, the manner in which Louisiana is perceived from Québec. Both images place emphasis on the transplanted nature of the population, its Acadian and ultimately European origins, and hence a certain kinship with French Canada and "la francophonie mondiale". The tacts, however, point to a distinctive and separate Creole culture whose only affinity in "l'Amérique française" lies, perhaps, with the Métis of the Canadian West. The systematic denial of this reality is attributed, on the one hand, to the Americanisation of the local élite and, on the other, to the "continental vision" of Québec and the ideological significance of this vision to the modem Québec nation

Environment, Development and Change in Rural Asia-Pacific

This volume examines the economic, political, social and environmental challenges facing rural communities in the Asia-Pacific region, as global issues intersect with local contexts. Such challenges, from climatic change and volcanic eruption to population growth and violent civil unrest, have stimulated local resilience amongst communities and led to evolving regional institutions and environment management practices, changing social relationships and producing new forms of stratification. Bringing together case studies from across mainland Southeast Asia and the Island Pacific, an expert team of international contributors reveal how communities at the periphery take charge of their lives, champion the virtues of their own local systems of production and consumption, and engage in the complexities of new structures of development that demand a response to the vacillations of global politics, economy and society. Inherent in this is the recognition that 'development' as we have come to know it is far from over. Each chapter emphasizes the growing recognition that ecological and environmental issues are key to any understanding and analysis of structures of sustainable development. Providing diverse multidisciplinary theoretical and empirical perspectives, Environment, Development and Change in Rural Asia-Pacific makes an important contribution to the revitalization of development studies and as such will be essential reading for scholars in the field, as well as those with an interest in Asia-Pacific studies, economic geography and political economy

The dynamics of a New Guinea Highlands agricultural system

There is an abundance of material dealing with agricultural practices in the tropics, in particular those described as involving 'shifting cultivation', and Spencer (1966) has recently covered the Southeast Asian literature. However research is only now beginning to emerge from that intellectual cul-de-sac in which attention has been focussed almost exclusively on crop and fallow cycles and interpretations have been influenced by assumptions about their essential immutability and relative inefficiency in the use of land and labour. As long ago as the 1930s and 19^0s anthropologists associated with the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute sought to abstract the sets of interconnections that exist between social relationships, ecological relationships, modes of belief, etc., while officers of the Northern Rhodesia Department of Agriculture attempted to evaluate the nature and effectiveness the same people's adjustment to their environment through their agricultural practices

Plasma Glucose and Lipid Profiles Following High-Fat Diet and Acute Aerobic Exercise

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 3-week high-fat (HF) diet on plasma glucose, lipids, and lipoproteins following an acute bout of aerobic exercise in middle-aged men. METHODS: Physically active (non-elite, competitive marathon runners), male participants (N=8, age=39.5±9.9 years) volunteered for the study. Participants maintained their habitual high-carbohydrate (HC) diet (60-70% caloric intake from carbohydrate) prior to switching to the HF diet (70% caloric intake from fat, not exceeding 50g of carbohydrates) for 3 weeks. At the end of each diet trial, participants performed an acute bout of aerobic exercise, which consisted of running at varying paces (personal race paces) on a treadmill for 50 minutes (split into 5, 10-minute periods with 2 minutes of rest in between). Following a 20-minute recovery from the treadmill exercise, participants additionally ran a 5-km time trial (average run time = 23.69±2.41 minutes) on an outdoor road course. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after exercise for the HC and HF diet trial to analyze glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein(a), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA [2 (diet: HC and HF) X 2 (time: pre and post-exercise)]. Any significant interactions were further analyzed using a Tukey’s post-hoc test. A p-value was set at \u3c 0.05. RESULTS: A glucose level was higher (p=0.046) in the HC diet (96.81±2.45 mg/dL) than the HF diet (89.6±2.45 mg/dL). As compared with the HC diet, the HF diet showed a higher level of TC (142.58±4.75 vs. 171.71±4.75 mg/dL, p=0.001), HDL-C (49.26±3.01 vs. 58.58±3.01 mg/dL, p=0.037), and LDL-C (91.51±4.91 vs. 111.20±4.91 mg/dL, p=0.008), respectively. TG significantly decreased (p=0.03) from 65.68±5.93 to 38.46±5.93 mg/dL at 24 hours of post-exercise. CONCLUSION: The 3-weeks of HF diet modestly increased plasma lipids and lipoproteins within the desirable range. Implementing a relatively short-term HF diet does not appear to significantly elicit negative cardiovascular disease risk markers in non-elite, healthy middle-aged male runners. However, it is strongly recommended for future studies to investigate the safety and beneficial effects of a long-term HF diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a variety of population including the untrained

Beyond rescue: Implementation and evaluation of revised naloxone training for law enforcement officers

ObjectiveThis study describes the implementation and evaluation of revised opioid overdose prevention and education of naloxone training for law enforcement officers (LEOs) that added: (1) a recovery testimony and (2) the process for deputy‐initiated referrals postnaloxone administration.Design and SampleEvaluation regarding the naloxone training included a pre‐ and postopioid overdose knowledge surveys (N = 114) and subsequent 1‐year postnaloxone training outcomes.ResultsPre‐ and posttest scores for all knowledge outcome measures were statistically significant (p < .001) with favorable comments pertaining to the recovery testimony. Out of 31 individuals who received naloxone, 6 individuals (19.4%) continue to be in treatment or received some treatment services. The most common symptoms reported were unconsciousness/unresponsiveness (40.5%), abnormal breathing patterns (24.3%), and blue lips (16.2%). The majority of the calls (65.6%) were to a residential area, and the time for naloxone revival ranged <1–10 min (M = 3.48; SD = 2.27).ConclusionAs nearly 20% of individuals sought treatment after a LEO‐initiated referral, it is recommended that other agencies consider the referral process into the training. Future research will investigate the impact of the recovery testimony in reducing the stigma of addiction.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139953/1/phn12365_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139953/2/phn12365.pd

Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species: The red wolf \u3ci\u3eCanis rufus\u3c/i\u3e as a case study

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987‒1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybridization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing: (1) the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, (2) the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabilities, (3) the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and (4) the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987–2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by 2013.The number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include \u3c 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species recovery efforts facing the challenge of minimizing hybridizatio

The First Hour of Extra-galactic Data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spectroscopic Commissioning: The Coma Cluster

On 26 May 1999, one of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fiber-fed spectrographs saw astronomical first light. This was followed by the first spectroscopic commissioning run during the dark period of June 1999. We present here the first hour of extra-galactic spectroscopy taken during these early commissioning stages: an observation of the Coma cluster of galaxies. Our data samples the Southern part of this cluster, out to a radius of 1.5degrees and thus fully covers the NGC 4839 group. We outline in this paper the main characteristics of the SDSS spectroscopic systems and provide redshifts and spectral classifications for 196 Coma galaxies, of which 45 redshifts are new. For the 151 galaxies in common with the literature, we find excellent agreement between our redshift determinations and the published values. As part of our analysis, we have investigated four different spectral classification algorithms: spectral line strengths, a principal component decomposition, a wavelet analysis and the fitting of spectral synthesis models to the data. We find that a significant fraction (25%) of our observed Coma galaxies show signs of recent star-formation activity and that the velocity dispersion of these active galaxies (emission-line and post-starburst galaxies) is 30% larger than the absorption-line galaxies. We also find no active galaxies within the central (projected) 200 h-1 Kpc of the cluster. The spatial distribution of our Coma active galaxies is consistent with that found at higher redshift for the CNOC1 cluster survey. Beyond the core region, the fraction of bright active galaxies appears to rise slowly out to the virial radius and are randomly distributed within the cluster with no apparent correlation with the potential merger of the NGC 4839 group. [ABRIDGED]Comment: Accepted in AJ, 65 pages, 20 figures, 5 table