2,101 research outputs found
Understanding Gendered Pathways to Criminal Involvement in a Community-Based Sample: Relevance of Past Trauma with Female Offenders
The study explored the relevance of gender and past trauma on the pathways to criminal justice involvement in a sample of community based offenders (N = 90). The primary focus was on women and their experiences in examining the association between their traumatic past experiences and their current criminal behaviours. Results from correlation and Chi-Square analyses suggested that the presence of past trauma plays a relevant role in understanding criminal justice pathways for all offenders regardless of gender. Findings also indicated that the experience of trauma is an important factor in defining women\u27s experiences with criminal justice in terms of the nature of offence, the types of issues they face, and the needs they present with as they manage the challenges with their mental health symptoms based on their past trauma experiences. These findings are discussed in the context of the need for gendered risk and needs assessment in addition to standard gender-neutral measures for accurate predictions of female offenders\u27 risks and needs. Future directions should focus on understanding the link between prior trauma and women\u27s offending behaviours
Onsager Relations and Hydrodynamic Balance Equations in 2D Quantum Wells
In this letter we clarify the role of heat flux in the hydrodynamic balance
equations in 2D quantum wells, facilitating the formulation of an Onsager
relation within the framework of this theory. We find that the Onsager relation
is satisfied within the framework of the 2D hydrodynamic balance equation
transport theory at sufficiently high density. The condition of high density is
consonant with the requirement of strong electron-electron interactions for the
validity of our balance equation formulation.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, 4 postscript figures are avaliable upon reques
Metastable behavior of vortex matter in the electronic transport processes of homogenous superconductors
We study numerically the effect of vortex pinning on the hysteresis voltage-temperature (V-T) loop of vortex matter. It is found that different types of the V-T loops result from different densities of vortex pinning center. An anticlockwise V-T loop is observed for the vortex system with dense pinning centers, whereas a clockwise V-T loop is brought about for vortices with dilute pinning centers. It is shown that the size of the V-T loop becomes smaller for lower experimental speed, higher magnetic field, or weak pinning strength. Our numerical observation is in good agreement with experiments
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Effect of Second-Phase Doping on Laser Deposited Al2O3 Ceramics
Direct fabrication of engineering ceramic components by additive manufacturing (AM) is a
relatively new method for producing complex mechanical structures. This study investigates how
a second-phase doping may affect Al2O3 ceramic parts deposited by AM with a laser engineered
net shaping (LENS) system. In this study, ZrO2 and Y2O3 powders are respectively doped into
Al2O3 powders at the eutectic ratio as second-phases to improve the quality of a deposited part.
The deposited Al2O3, Al2O3/ZrO2 and Al2O3/YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) parts are examined
for their micro-structures and micro-hardness, as well as defects. The results show that doping of
ZrO2 or Y2O3 as a second-phase performs a significant role in suppressing cracks and in refining
grains of the laser deposited parts. The micro-hardness investigation reveals that the
second-phase doping does not result in much hardness reduction in Al2O3 and the two eutectic
ceramics are both harder than 1500 Hv. The study concludes that the second-phase doping is
good for improving laser deposited ceramic parts.Mechanical Engineerin
Real-time phase-shift detection of the surface plasmon resonance
We investigate a method to directly measure the phase of a laser beam
reflected from a metallic film after excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.
This method permits real time access to the phase information, it increases the
possible speed of data acquisition, and it may thus prove useful for increasing
the sensitivity of surface plasmon based sensors
Activation mechanisms of butyrylcholinesterase by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 3,3-dimethylbutyl-N-n-butylcarbamate, and 2-trimethylsilyl-ethyl-N-n-butylcarbamate
The goal of this work was to propose a possible mechanism for the butyrylcholinesterase activation by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 3,3-dimethylbutyl-N-n-butylcarbamate (1), and 2-trimethylsilyl-ethyl-N-n-butylcarbamate (2). Kinetically, TNT, and compounds 1 and 2 were characterized as the nonessential activators of butyrylcholinesterase. TNT, and compounds 1 and 2 were hydrophobic compounds and were proposed to bind to the hydrophobic activator binding site, which was located outside the active site gorge of the enzyme. The conformational change from a normal active site gorge to a more accessible active site gorge of the enzyme was proposed after binding of TNT, and compounds 1 and 2 to the activator binding site of the enzyme. Therefore, TNT, and compounds 1 and 2 may act as the excess of butyrylcholine in the substrate activator for the butyrylcholinesterase catalyzed reactions
Effect of Na doping on flux pinning of YBa1.9Na0.1Cu3O7-d
We have prepared Na-doped YBa2Cu3Oy (YBa1.9Na0.1Cu3Oy +40mol%Y211) (YBNCO)
and Na-free YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) samples by the Melt-Textured Growth (MTG) method
to study the effect of doped Na ion on flux pinning. The ac susceptibility
curves (acs) as well as the hysteresis loops were measured for the samples.
Then the effective pinning energy (U(T,Hdc,J)), irreversibility line (Hirr(T))
and critical current density (jc(Hdc)) were determined, where T, Hdc and J are
temperature, dc magnetic field and current density, respectively. We found
that, with Na doping, the Hirr(T) line shifted to lower temperature while the
Jc(Hdc) and U(T,Hdc,J) became smaller. It indicates that the Na ions play a
negative role in the flux pinning of YBCO. The appearance of the second peak in
the Jc(Hdc) curves and the enhancement of anisotropy in YBNCO further support
this finding.Comment: 7 pages, 7figures. Submited to Physica.
Flow conveyance and sediment transport capacity in vegetated channels
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, September 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/732This paper has reviewed the approaches to estimate the roughness of flexible and rigid vegetation under submerged and emergent conditions, and then presented a hydraulic model to compute flow discharge in vegetated channels. The drag effect of vegetation is considered in roughness coefficients in the determination of channel conveyance. The sediment transport capacity in vegetated channels has also been investigated. The bed-load rate is computed using the Wu et al. formula, in which the effective bed shear stress is computed using SRsbγτ=, with S being the channel slope, γ the unit weight of water, and the spacing hydraulic radius defined by Barfield et al. The established models have been tested against experimental and field data. The computed flow discharge and bed-load rate agree well with the measured data
Comparison of 1-d and depth-averaged 2-d fish habitat suitability models
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Hydroscience and Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, September 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/732Habitat evaluation, a state-of-the-art technique for impact assessment and resource management, becomes an important tool for estimating the amount of habitat available for a given fish species within a study reach. This paper presents a comparison of one-dimensional (1-D) and depth-averaged two-dimensional (2-D) fish habitat suitability models. The recently developed CCHE1D and CCHE2Dfvm habitat suitability models as well as the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) are compared in estimation of the weighted usable area and overall suitability index for adult cutthroat trout in the East Fork River in Wyoming at different flow discharges. To enhance the accuracy in determining flow depth and velocity in CCHE1D, a cross section is divided into a suitable number of vertical panels and the flow velocity at each panel is calculated using Manning’s equation. It has been found that 1-D and 2-D models give close estimations for cross sections with simple geometry, but differences exist for those with complex geometry since complex flow features are neglected in the 1-D models
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