67 research outputs found
Pedestrian, Crowd, and Evacuation Dynamics
This contribution describes efforts to model the behavior of individual
pedestrians and their interactions in crowds, which generate certain kinds of
self-organized patterns of motion. Moreover, this article focusses on the
dynamics of crowds in panic or evacuation situations, methods to optimize
building designs for egress, and factors potentially causing the breakdown of
orderly motion.Comment: This is a review paper. For related work see http://www.soms.ethz.c
Analyzing and predicting the spatial penetration of Airbnb in U.S. cities
In the hospitality industry, the room and apartment sharing platform of Airbnb has been accused of unfair competition. Detractors have pointed out the chronic lack of proper legislation. Unfortunately, there is little quantitative evidence about Airbnb's spatial penetration upon which to base such a legislation. In this study, we analyze Airbnb's spatial distribution in eight U.S. urban areas, in relation to both geographic, socio-demographic, and economic information. We find that, despite being very different in terms of population composition, size, and wealth, all eight cities exhibit the same pattern: that is, areas of high Airbnb presence are those occupied by the \newpart{``talented and creative''} classes, and those that are close to city centers. This result is consistent so much so that the accuracy of predicting Airbnb's spatial penetration is as high as 0.725
Megascopic Quantum Phenomena. A Critical Study of Physical Interpretations
A megascopic revalidation is offered providing responses and resolutions of
current inconsistencies and existing contradictions in present-day quantum
theory. As the core of this study we present an independent proof of the
Goldstone theorem for a quantum field formulation of molecules and solids.
Along with phonons two types of new quasiparticles appear: rotons and
translons. In full analogy with Lorentz covariance, combining space and time
coordinates, a new covariance is necessary, binding together the internal and
external degrees of freedom, without explicitly separating the centre-of-mass,
which normally applies in both classical and quantum formulations. The
generally accepted view regarding the lack of a simple correspondence between
the Goldstone modes and broken symmetries, has significant consequences: an
ambiguous BCS theory as well as a subsequent Higgs mechanism. The application
of the archetype of the classical spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e. the
Mexican hat, as compared to standard quantum relations, i.e. the Jahn-Teller
effect, superconductivity or the Higgs mechanism, becomes a disparity. In
short, symmetry broken states have a microscopic causal origin, but transitions
between them have a teleological component. The different treatments of the
problem of the centre of gravity in quantum mechanics and in field theories
imply a second type of Bohr complementarity on the many-body level opening the
door for megascopic representations of all basic microscopic quantum axioms
with further readings for teleonomic megascopic quantum phenomena, which have
no microscopic rationale: isomeric transitions, Jahn-Teller effect, chemical
reactions, Einstein-de Haas effect, superconductivity-superfluidity, and
brittle fracture.Comment: 117 pages, 17 sections, final revised version from 20 May 2019 but
uploaded after the DOI was know
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
From Congruence to Antecedent Conditions: A Search for the Basis of Environmental Improvement
Imagining Conformity: Consumption and Homogeneity in the Postwar African American Suburbs
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