Pensando la historia más allá de la nación : La historiografía de América Latina y la perspectiva transnacional

“Pensando história fora da nação: a historiografia da América Latina e o viés transnacional” fue pronunciada en el “X° Encontro Internacional da Associação Nacioanal de Pesquisadores e Professores de História das Américas” realizado en São Paulo en julio de 2012 y publicada posteriormente en Revista Eletrônica da ANPHLAC, 14, enero-junio 2013, 13-31.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Providing a Unified Account of Definite Noun Phrases in Discourse

Linguistic theories typically assign various linguistic phenomena to one of the categories, syntactic, semantic, or pragmatic, as if the phenomena in each category were relatively independent of those in the others. However, various phenomena in discourse do not seem to yield comfortably to any account that is strictly a syntactic or semantic or pragmatic one. This paper focuses on particular phenomena of this sort-the use of various referring expressions such as definite noun phrases and pronouns-and examines their interaction with mechanisms used to maintain discourse coherence.Engineering and Applied Science

Modernidade tropical: visões norte-americanas da Amazônia nas vésperas da Guerra Fria

This article examines two representations of the Amazon and its potential for development produced in 1944 as part of the "Good Neighbor Policy" promoted by the United States during World War II. It analyzes the Disney film The Amazon awakens, whose portrayal of the Amazon as urbanized and incipiently modern, contrasts with the usual attention to regional exoticism and otherness. In accentuating the Amazon's potential for progress, the film visualizes key elements of what would become known as "modernization theory", based on the notion that all peoples aspire to a more modern way of life, and only need the appropriate technology and capital to replicate the trajectory of more "advanced" societies. This is then compared with a book by Earl Parker Hanson on the Amazon as a "new frontier", which both coincides with aspects of the Disney film and diverges from it in significant ways, indicating the ambivalences in North American visions of the region. Finally, the article briefly considers the role of the Cold War in delaying the adoption of modernization theory as the central tenet of US policies for Latin America.Este artigo estuda duas representações da Amazônia e seu potencial para o desenvolvimento produzidas em 1944 como parte da "Política da Boa Vizinhança", promovida pelos Estados Unidos durante a II Guerra Mundial. Analisa o filme do Estúdio Disney The Amazon awakens ("A Amazônia acorda"), cujo retrato da Amazônia como urbanizada e incipientemente moderna contrasta com a usual atenção dada ao exotismo regional e à alteridade. Ao acentuar o potencial da Amazônia para o progresso, o filme visualiza elementos-chave daquilo que se tornaria conhecido como "teoria da modernização", baseada na noção de que todas as pessoas aspiram a um modo de vida mais moderno, e que só precisam da tecnologia e do capital apropriados para repetir a trajetória das sociedades mais "avançadas". Em seguida, procedemos a uma comparação do filme com o livro de Earl Parker Hanson sobre a Amazônia como uma "nova fronteira", o qual, ao mesmo tempo em que coincide com aspectos do filme da Disney, diverge do mesmo no que se refere a aspectos importantes, que indicam as ambivalências presentes nas visões norte-americanas da região. Finalmente, o artigo se debruça brevemente sobre o papel da Guerra Fria no que se refere ao atraso da adoção da teoria da modernização como uma crença central das políticas norte-americanas para a América Latina

Deja que entre la luz del sol: archivos de gobierno e inseguridades nacionales

Barbara Weinstein (Universidad de Nueva York) es presidenta de la Asociación Americana de Historiadores. Publicado en: Barbara Weinstein, "Let the Sunshine In: Government Records and National Insecurities", Perspectives, 45:4, April 2007Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Deja que entre la luz del sol: archivos de gobierno e inseguridades nacionales

Barbara Weinstein (Universidad de Nueva York) es presidenta de la Asociación Americana de Historiadores. Publicado en: Barbara Weinstein, "Let the Sunshine In: Government Records and National Insecurities", Perspectives, 45:4, April 2007Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Centering: A Framework for Modelling the Coherence of Discourse

Our original paper (Grosz, Joshi, and Weinstein, 1983) on centering claimed that certain entities mentioned in an utterance were more central than others and that this property imposed constraints on a speaker\u27s use of different types of referring expression. Centering was proposed as a model that accounted for this phenomenon. We argued that the compatibility of centering properties of an utterance with choice of referring expression affected the coherence of discourse. Subsequently, we expanded the ideas presented therein. We defined various centering constructs and proposed two centering rules in terms of these constructs. A draft manuscript describing this elaborated centering framework and presenting some initial theoretical claims has been in wide circulation since 1986. This draft (Grosz, Joshi, and Weinstein 1986, hereafter, GJW86) has led to a number of papers by others on this topic and has been extensively cited, but has never been published. We have been urged to publish the more detailed description of the centering framework and theory proposed in GJW86 so that an official version would be archivally available. The task of completing and revising this draft became more daunting as time passed and more and more papers appeared on centering. Many of these papers proposed extensions to or revisions of the theory and attempted to answer questions posed in GJW86. It has become ever more clear that it would be useful to have a definitive statement of the original motivations for centering, the basic definitions underlying the centering framework, and the original theoretical claims. This paper attempts to meet that need. To accomplish this goal, we have chosen to remove descriptions of many open research questions posed in GJW86 as well as solutions that were only partially developed. We have also greatly shortened the discussion of criteria for and constraints on a possible semantic theory as a foundation for this work

Promoting hearing and cognitive health in audiologic rehabilitation for the well-being of older adults

Objective: With our aging population, an increasing number of older adults with hearing loss have cognitive decline. Hearing care practitioners have an important role in supporting healthy aging and should be knowledgeable about cognitive decline and associated management strategies to maximize successful hearing intervention. Methods: A review of current research and expert opinion. Results: This article outlines the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline/dementia, hypothesized mechanisms underlying this, and considers current research into the effects of hearing intervention on cognitive decline. Cognition into old age, cognitive impairment, dementia, and how to recognize cognitive decline that is not part of normal aging are described. Screening of older asymptomatic adults for cognitive decline and practical suggestions for the delivery of person-centered hearing care are discussed. Holistic management goals, personhood, and person-centered care in hearing care management are considered for older adults with normal cognitive aging through to dementia. A case study illustrates important skills and potential management methods. Prevention strategies for managing hearing and cognitive health and function through to older age, and strategies to maximize successful hearing aid use are provided. Conclusion: This article provides evidence-based recommendations for hearing care professionals supporting older clients to maximize well-being through the cognitive trajectory

La abolición de la esclavitud en Hispanoamérica y Brasil : Nuevos aportes y debates historiográficos [Recurso electrónico]

Los esfuerzos de los esclavos en pos de la abolición en Ecuador / Camilla Townsend. El final de la esclavitud y el final del imperio: la emancipación de los esclavos en Cuba y Puerto Rico / Christopher Schmidt-Nowara. La abolición de la trata de esclavos en Brasil en 1850: historiografía, acción esclava y el arte de estadista / Jeffrey Needell. La abolición en el Brasil: Movimientos sociales y políticos en el sudeste cafetalero / María Helena Pereira Toledo Machado. La decadencia del plantador progresista y el auge del agente subalterno: Cambios en las narrativas de la emancipación de los esclavos en el Brasil / Barbara Weinstei

Assessment of Fractionated Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Biomarker for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and determination of response to therapy is based on histological assessment of the esophagus, which requires upper endoscopy. In children, in whom a dietary approach is commonly used, multiple endoscopies are needed, because foods are eliminated and then gradually reintroduced. Ideally, noninvasive methods could supplement or replace upper endoscopy to facilitate management. Fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been proposed as a useful measure for monitoring disease activity in studies of patients with eosinophil-predominant asthma and in other atopic disorders. Thus, we evaluated whether FeNO levels could be a useful biomarker to assess the response to therapy in EoE patients. This study was designed to determine whether there is a change in FeNO levels during treatment with topical corticosteroids and whether changes correlated with clinical response. This was a prospective, multicenter study that enrolled nonasthmatic patients with established EoE. FeNO levels and symptom scores were measured at baseline, biweekly during 6-week swallowed fluticasone treatment, and 4 weeks posttreatment. Twelve patients completed the trial. We found a statistically significant difference between median pre- and posttreatment FeNO levels [20.3 ppb (16.0–29.0 ppb) vs 17.6 ppb (11.7–27.3 ppb), p=0.009]. However, neither the pretreatment FeNO level, a change of FeNO level after 2 weeks of treatment, nor the FeNO level at the end of treatment confidently predicted a clinical or histological response. Although our findings suggest nitric oxide possibly has a physiological role in EoE, our observations do not support a role of FeNo determination for management of EoE