<臨床>胃切除術後の単位体積当たりの骨密度の変化 : Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 法による検討

We used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to study changes in estimated volumetric bone mineral density (EstVBMD) of the lumbar spine after gastrectomy. The study group comprised 41 men and 32 women. When EstVBMD was compared according to sex among patients younger than 60 years of age, patients 60 to 69 years of age, and patients these three groups in men (0.185 g/cm_3, 0.187 g/cm_3, 0.187 g/cm_3, respectively). In contrast , EstVBMD was significantly lower in women 60 to 69 years of age (0.157 g/cm_3) and those 70 years of age or older (0.159 g/cm_3) than in women younger than 60 years (0.200 g/cm_3) (P<0.01). When the relation between EstVBMD and the number of months after gastrectomy was studied according to sex in patients younger than 70 years, EstVBMD negatively correlated with the interval after operation in men (r= -0.365, P<0.05), whereas ther e was no correlation between these variables in women. These results suggest that after gastrectomy bone mineral density decreases gradually in men younger than 70 years, but not in women. The lack of a consistent change in bone mineral density after gastrectomy in women is apparently caused by the marked effect on bone metabolism of decreased female hormone levels after menopause.胃切除後の腰椎の骨密度の変化を dual energy X-ray absorptiornetory （DXA） 法で測定し, 単位体積当たりの計測値（Estimated volumetric bone mineral density: EstVBMD）を求めることにより検討した. 男女別に60歳未満, 60歳代, 70歳以上の群で比較すると, 男性では 0.185 g/cm_3, 0.187 g/cm_3, 0.187 g/cm_3と大差がなかった. 一方, 女性では 0.200 g/cm_3, 0.157 g/cm_3, 0.159 g/cm_3 と60歳未満の症例と比較し60歳代, 70歳以上の症例では減少し有意差を認めた. 70歳未満の症例で男女別に術後月数と骨密度との関係をみると, 男性では経過期間とともに骨密度は減少し, 負の相関関係 （r= -0.365, P<0.05）が認められたが, 女性では両者は独立した関係であった. 70歳未満の男性では胃切術後に徐々に骨塩量が低下するが, 女性では閉経後の女性ホルモン減少が強く骨代謝に現れるため胃切術後の影響が個々で異なることが示唆された

Recent advances of metabolomics in plant biotechnology

Biotechnology, including genetic modification, is a very important approach to regulate the production of particular metabolites in plants to improve their adaptation to environmental stress, to improve food quality, and to increase crop yield. Unfortunately, these approaches do not necessarily lead to the expected results due to the highly complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation in plants. In this context, metabolomics plays a key role in plant molecular biotechnology, where plant cells are modified by the expression of engineered genes, because we can obtain information on the metabolic status of cells via a snapshot of their metabolome. Although metabolome analysis could be used to evaluate the effect of foreign genes and understand the metabolic state of cells, there is no single analytical method for metabolomics because of the wide range of chemicals synthesized in plants. Here, we describe the basic analytical advancements in plant metabolomics and bioinformatics and the application of metabolomics to the biological study of plants

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

An RSSI-Based Low-Power Vehicle-Approach Detection Technique to Alert a Pedestrian

Information about an approaching vehicle is helpful for pedestrians to avoid traffic accidents while most of the past studies related to collision avoidance systems have focused on alerting drivers and controlling vehicles. This paper proposes a technique to detect an approaching vehicle aiming at alerting a pedestrian by observing the variation of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the repeatedly radiated beacons from a vehicle, called the alert beacons. A linear regression algorithm is first applied to RSSI samples. The decision about whether a vehicle is approaching or not is made by the Student&rsquo;s t-test for the linear regression coefficient. A passive method, where the pedestrian&rsquo;s device behaves only as a receiver, is first described. The neighbor-discovery-based (ND-based) method, in which the pedestrian&rsquo;s device repeatedly broadcasts advertising beacons and the moving vehicle in the vicinity returns the alert beacon when it receives the advertising beacon, is then proposed to improve the detection performance as well as reduce the device&rsquo;s energy consumption. The theoretical detection error rate under Rayleigh fading is derived. It is revealed that the proposed ND-based method achieves a lower detection error rate when compared with the passive method under the same delay

Structures of restriction endonuclease HindIII in complex with its cognate DNA and divalent cations

The three-dimensional crystal structures of HindIII bound to its cognate DNA with and without divalent cations were solved at 2.17 and 2.00 Å resolution, respectively. HindIII forms a dimer. The structures showed that HindIII belongs to the EcoRI-like (α-class) subfamily of type II restriction endonucleases. The cognate DNA-complex structures revealed the specific DNA-recognition mechanism of HindIII by which it recognizes the palindromic sequence A/AGCTT. In the Mg2+ ion-soaked structure the DNAwas cleaved and two ions were bound at each active site, corresponding to the two-metal-ion mechanism

<臨床>Microdensitometory 法と dual energy X-ray absorptiometory 法を用いた胃切除術後骨障害の検討

We used microdensitometry (MD) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate impaired bone metabolism in 79 patients who had undergone gastrectomy. With MD, radiographs are simultaneously taken of the second metacarpal bone and an aluminum step-wedge, and the images were analyzed by computer. DXA was used to measure the bone mineral density of the second through fourth vertebrae and the estimated volumetoric bone mineral density (EstVBMD) was assessed . Significant positive correlations were obtained between EstVBMD as determined by DXA and metacarpal index (MCI) (r=0.413, P<0.01), peak of the cortex (GSmax) (r=0.362, P<0.05), peak of the middle portion of the bone marrow (GSmin) (r=0.412, P<0.01), and metacarpal bone mineral density (mBMD) (r=0.413, P<0.01) as determined by MD. When EstVBMD was compared with MCI, GSmax, GSmin, and mBMD according to sex, age, type of operation, and interval after operation, generally similar trends were obtained. We conclude that the determination by MD of various indices of bone metabolism is useful in the diagnosis of osteopathy after gastrectomy