43 research outputs found
Theoretical Uncertainties in the QCD Evolution of Structure Functions and their Impact on
The differences are discussed between various next-to-leading order
prescriptions for the QCD evolution of parton densities and structure
functions. Their quantitative impact is understood to an accuracy of 0.02\%.
The uncertainties due to the freedom to choose the renormalization and
factorization scales are studied. The quantitative consequences of the
different uncertainties on the extraction of the strong coupling constant
from scaling violations in deep--inelastic scattering are estimated
for the kinematic regime accessible at HERA.Comment: 10 pages Latex, including 3 eps-figures, and a style file. To appear
in: Proc. of the International Workshop: QCD and QED in Higher Orders,
Rheinsberg, April, 1996, Nucl. Phys. {\bf B} (Proc. Suppl); The lay-out of
the paper has been changed, one figure sent separately before has been bound
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Tau neutrino deep inelastic charged current interactions
The nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillation hypothesis will be tested through nu_tau
production of tau in underground neutrino telescopes as well as long-baseline
experiments. We provide the full QCD framework for the evaluation of tau
neutrino deep inelastic charged current (CC) cross sections, including
next-leading-order (NLO) corrections, charm production, tau threshold, and
target mass effects in the collinear approximation. We investigate the
violation of the Albright-Jarlskog relations for the structure functions F_4,5
which occur only in heavy lepton (tau) scattering. Integrated CC cross sections
are evaluated naively over the full phase space and with the inclusion of DIS
kinematic cuts. Uncertainties in our evaluation based on scale dependence, PDF
errors and the interplay between kinematic and dynamical power corrections are
discussed and/or quantified.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figure
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Applications of electrified dust and dust devil electrodynamics to Martian atmospheric electricity
Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kVm-1 to 100 kVm-1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m-1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)-MicroARES (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor) instrumentation to Mars in 2016 for the first in situ measurements