Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study-time trends and predictors of survival : a cohort study

BACKGROUND:Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incidence of NADC from 2004-2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these.METHODS:Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new NADC, 1st February 2010, death or six months after the patient's last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of HIV acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following NADC diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of NADC diagnosis until the patient's death, 1st February 2010 or 6 months after the patient's last visit. Factors associated with mortality following NADC diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS:Over 176,775 person-years (PY), 880 (2.1%) patients developed a new NADC (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these patients (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5 years after NADC diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of NADC were lung cancer (compared to other cancer types), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher CD4 count at NADC diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of NADC remained stable over the period 2004-2010 in this large observational cohort.CONCLUSIONS:The prognosis after diagnosis of NADC, in particular lung cancer and disseminated cancer, is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low CD4 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of NADC

Highly selective extraction of platinum group metals with silica-based (poly)amine ion exchangers applied to industrial metal refinery effluents

Batches of authentic industrial base metal refinery (BMR) and precious metal refinery (PMR) effluents containing large amounts of Ni, Cu and Fe ions and relatively small amounts of the valuable Pt, Pd and Rh metal ions have been treated with silica-based (poly)amine anion exchangers. In most cases, notably with the PMR effluents, the extraction of Pt and Pd appeared to be very effective, with recuperation of more than 95% from some of the effluents, while an increase in temperature was not necessary to obtain maximum metal ion uptake. Successive Rh extraction from the BMR effluents resulted in a maximum removal of 22% of the metal ions initially present. A higher percentage could not be reached apparently due to the presence of large amounts of competing sulphate and chloride counter ions. The removal of Rh from PMR effluents containing smaller amounts of other transition metal ions was somewhat more effective. Despite the large amounts of Ni, Cu and Fe in many of the tested effluents, no uptake of any of these metal ions has been observed. The platinum group metal (PGM) selectivity of these ion exchangers over the other transition metals has thus proven to be very high. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Articl

Mediterranean agro-towns as a form of cultural dominance

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Crystal structures, spectroscopy and EPRof two distortion isomers of Cu(II)perchlorate with 2,2’-bi-imidazoline

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