The validity of assessment centres for the prediction of supervisory performance ratings: A meta-analysis

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Perceptions of status and TMO workgroup cooperation: implications for project governance

Achieving and sustaining the cooperation of individuals with their temporary multi-organization (TMO) workgroups is, arguably, one of the most enduring challenges facing the construction sector. A mediational model connecting pride and self-respect to each of four dimensions of cooperative behaviour-in-role, compliance, extra-role, and deference-is tested in a survey sample of 140 construction professionals in Hong Kong. Bootstrap tests of the indirect effect of pride on cooperative behaviour suggest that self-respect fully mediates the influence of pride on in-role behaviour and compliance behaviour, and partially mediates the influence of pride on extra-role behaviour. The results also suggest that pride has no effect on deference behaviour. While needing corroboration by future research, the findings suggest that viable strategies designed to foster pride and self-respect could engender and sustain cooperation in construction TMO workgroups, and support ongoing efforts to reform construction. The bootstrapping procedures for testing intervening variable models are elaborated in the hope that this will encourage more process analysis research in construction. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Home dialysis: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference

Home dialysis modalities (home hemodialysis [HD] and peritoneal dialysis [PD]) are associated with greater patient autonomy and treatment satisfaction compared with in-center modalities, yet the level of home-dialysis use worldwide is low. Reasons for limited utilization are context-dependent, informed by local resources, dialysis costs, access to healthcare, health system policies, provider bias or preferences, cultural beliefs, individual lifestyle concerns, potential care-partner time, and financial burdens. In May 2021, KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened a controversies conference on home dialysis, focusing on how modality choice and distribution are determined and strategies to expand home-dialysis use. Participants recognized that expanding use of home dialysis within a given health system requires alignment of policy, fiscal resources, organizational structure, provider incentives, and accountability. Clinical outcomes across all dialysis modalities are largely similar, but for specific clinical measures, one modality may have advantages over another. Therefore, choice among available modalities is preference-sensitive, with consideration of quality of life, life goals, clinical characteristics, family or care-partner support, and living environment. Ideally, individuals, their care-partners, and their healthcare teams will employ shared decision-making in assessing initial and subsequent kidney failure treatment options. To meet this goal, iterative, high-quality education and support for healthcare professionals, patients, and care-partners are priorities. Everyone who faces dialysis should have access to home therapy. Facilitating universal access to home dialysis and expanding utilization requires alignment of policy considerations and resources at the dialysis-center level, with clear leadership from informed and motivated clinical teams

Ending on the scrap heap? The experience of job loss and job search among older workers

Job loss and unemployment are among the worst stressors that people can encounter during their lifetimes, and the search for (re-)employment is often a process troubled with setbacks and disappointments. While older workers are often shielded from job loss by higher tenure in their current organization, they might be struck particularly harshly when trying to find re-employment elsewhere. The current chapter combines earlier conceptual and empirical work on coping with job loss and job search with work on employability and the stereotypes that may turn the coping and job-search process into a severe challenge, particularly among older workers. For this purpose, we first outline the situation of older workers in the workforce, highlighting their vulnerability to possible job loss. We then draw on earlier conceptual work on job loss and on coping with job loss to depict a chronological process model of anticipation, job loss, and unemployment. In this model, we also consider the manifest and latent work functions that may be lost, the subsequent consequences for unemployed people’s psychological and physical health, and the different coping options available, particularly to older workers. In the end, older workers face an uphill battle when searching for re-employment, and one of our last sections outlines some actions that older workers might undertake to face the situation more successfully

Current Directions in Personnel Selection

ABSTRACT—For many decades, the focus of personnel se-lection research was on developing selection tests that maximized prediction of job performance; the approach was typically lacking in theoretical bases. The past two decades saw significant shifts in research to a focus on the nature of constructs and their interrelationships, charac-terized by an approach that emphasizes theoretical un-derstanding of the phenomena under investigation. This article provides an overview of how a construct-oriented approach underlies major current directions in scientific research on personnel selection. Emerging trends that are likely to constitute issues of enduring importance are dis-cussed. KEYWORDS—job performance; construct validity; person– environment fit; multilevel research; changes over tim

Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales for Measuring Managerial Performance

Computerized adaptive rating scales (CARS) had been developed to measure contextual or citizenship performance. This rating format used a paired‐comparison protocol, presenting pairs of behavioral statements scaled according to effectiveness levels, and an iterative item response theory algorithm to obtain estimates of ratees\u27 citizenship performance (Borman, Buck, Hanson, Motowidlo, Stark, and Drasgow, 2001). In the present research, we developed CARS to measure the entire managerial performance domain, including task and citizenship performance, thus addressing a major limitation of the earlier CARS. The paper describes this development effort, including an adjustment to the algorithm that reduces substantially the number of item pairs required to obtain almost as much precision in the performance estimates