Invalid party wall awards and how to avoid them

Considers the reasons for the invalidity of party wall awards. Examines decided cases under earlier party wall legislation in the context of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. Explains invalidity on the basis of an excess of the surveyors’ statutory authority. Defines this authority in terms of jurisdiction and power. Demonstrates the limits of the surveyors’ authority and emphasises the importance of strict compliance with statutory procedures. Concludes that surveyors should adopt an inquisitive and analytical approach to the scope of their authority to avoid the possibility of invalid awards. Echoes John Anstey’s earlier warning that surveyors should avoid a broad-brush approach to their duties which will only leave them “covered in soot”

Myocardial steatosis and biventricular strain and strain rate imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can quantify myocardial triglyceride content in type 2 diabetic patients. Its relation to alterations in left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular myocardial functions is unknown. A total of 42 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. Exclusion criteria included hemoglobin A(1c) >8.5, known cardiovascular disease, diabetes-related complications, or blood pressure >150/85 mm Hg. Myocardial ischemia was excluded by a negative dobutamine stress test. LV and RV volumes and ejection fraction were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. LV global longitudinal and RV free wall longitudinal strain, systolic strain rate, and diastolic strain rate were quantified by echocardiographic speckle tracking analyses. Myocardial triglyceride content was quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dichotomized on the basis of the median value of 0.76. The median age was 59 years (25th and 75th percentiles, 54 and 62 years). Median diabetes diagnosis duration was 4 years, and median glycohemoglobin level was 6.2 (25th and 75th percentiles, 5.9 and 6.8). There were no differences in LV and RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes and ejection fraction between patients with high (≥0.76) and those with low ( <0.76) myocardial triglyceride content. However, patients with high myocardial triglyceride content had greater impairment of LV and RV myocardial strain and strain rate. The myocardial triglyceride content was an independent correlate of LV and RV longitudinal strain, systolic strain rate, and diastolic strain rate. High myocardial triglyceride content is associated with more pronounced impairment of LV and RV functions in men with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitu

The Johannine Community as a Constructed, Imagined Community

The article takes issue with recent attempts to deny that the New Testament Gospels were addressed to distinct early Christian communities and argues that it is still meaningful to trace how these writings construct distinct early Christian identities. The author applies the social identity approach and concepts related to the symbolic construction of communities and imagined communities to explain how an ideal portrait of the community of Jesus’ followers is created in the Gospel of John. The article argues that this portrait constructs social reality rather than reflects it in any transparent way. The author demonstrates how John anchors his story of Jesus to mythical beginnings and uses various dualistic polarities to express a clear demarcation between Jesus’ followers and the rest of world. In the Gospel, the knowledge of God communicated only by Jesus and the mutual love between Jesus’ disciples function as strong symbols of belonging for Jesus’ followers but also create an imagined boundary between them and those who have not received Jesus’ revelation. The author argues that the Gospel writer has embedded his story of Jesus in a mythical framework in order to naturalize and essentialize a distinct early Christian social identity that was actually blurred and in the making.Peer reviewe