340 research outputs found
Full counting statistics of laser excited Rydberg aggregates in a one-dimensional geometry
We experimentally study the full counting statistics of few-body Rydberg
aggregates excited from a quasi-one-dimensional Rydberg gas. We measure
asymmetric excitation spectra and increased second and third order statistical
moments of the Rydberg number distribution, from which we determine the average
aggregate size. Direct comparisons with numerical simulations reveal the
presence of liquid-like spatial correlations, and indicate sequential growth of
the aggregates around an initial grain. These findings demonstrate the
importance of dissipative effects in strongly correlated Rydberg gases and
introduce a way to study spatio-temporal correlations in strongly-interacting
many-body quantum systems without imaging.Comment: 6 pages plus supplemen
A family case of fertile human 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) males
We report on a familial case including four male probands from three generations with a 45,X,psu dic(15;Y)(p11.2;q12) karyotype. 45,X is usually associated with a female phenotype and only rarely with maleness, due to translocation of small Y chromosomal fragments to autosomes. These male patients are commonly infertile because of missing azoospermia factor regions from the Y long arm. In our familial case we found a pseudodicentric translocation chromosome, that contains almost the entire chromosomes 15 and Y. The translocation took place in an unknown male ancestor of our probands and has no apparent effect on fertility and phenotype of the carrier. FISH analysis demonstrated the deletion of the pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) from the Y chromosome and the loss of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) from chromosome 15. The formation of the psu dic(15;Y) chromosome is a reciprocal event to the formation of the satellited Y chromosome (Yqs). Statistically, the formation of 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) (p11.2;q12) is as likely as the formation of Yqs. Nevertheless, it has not been described yet. This can be explained by the dicentricity of this translocation chromosome that usually leads to mitotic instability and meiotic imbalances. A second event, a stable inactivation of one of the two centromeres is obligatory to enable the transmission of the translocation chromosome and thus a stably reduced chromosome number from father to every son in this family
HITRAP: A facility at GSI for highly charged ions
An overview and status report of the new trapping facility for highly charged
ions at the Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung is presented. The
construction of this facility started in 2005 and is expected to be completed
in 2008. Once operational, highly charged ions will be loaded from the
experimental storage ring ESR into the HITRAP facility, where they are
decelerated and cooled. The kinetic energy of the initially fast ions is
reduced by more than fourteen orders of magnitude and their thermal energy is
cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The cold ions are then delivered to a broad
range of atomic physics experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Symplectically Covariant Schr\"{o}dinger Equation in Phase Space
A classical theorem of Stone and von Neumann says that the Schr\"{o}dinger
representation is, up to unitary equivalences, the only irreducible
representation of the Heisenberg group on the Hilbert space of
square-integrable functions on configuration space. Using the Wigner-Moyal
transform we construct an irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group on
a certain Hilbert space of square-integrable functions defined on phase space.
This allows us to extend the usual Weyl calculus into a phase-space calculus
and leads us to a quantum mechanics in phase space, equivalent to standard
quantum mechanics. We also briefly discuss the extension of metaplectic
operators to phase space and the probabilistic interpretation of the solutions
of the phase space Schr\"{o}dinger equationComment: To appear in J Phys
Detection of chromosome aberrations in the human interphase nucleus by visualization of specific target DNAs with radioactive and non-radioactive in situ hybridization techniques: diagnosis of trisomy 18 with probe L1.84
The localization of chromosome 18 in human interphase nuclei is demonstrated by use of radioactive and nonradioactive in situ hybridization techniques with a DNA clone designated L1.84. This clone represents a distinct subpopulation of the repetitive human alphoid DNA family, located in the centric region of chromosome 18. Under stringent hybridization conditions hybridization of L1.84 is restricted to chromosome 18 and reflects the number of these chromosomes present in the nuclei, namely, two in normal diploid human cells and three in nuclei from cells with trisomy 18. Under conditions of low stringency, cross-hybridization with other subpopulations of the alphoid DNA family occurs in the centromeric regions of the whole chromosome complement, and numerous hybridization sites are detected over interphase nuclei. Detection of chromosome-specific target DNAs by non-radioactive in situ hybridization with appropriate DNA probes cloned from individual chromosomal subregions presents a rapid means of identifying directly numerical or even structural chromosome aberrations in the interphase nucleus. Present limitations and future applications of interphase cytogenetics are discussed
Quantum theta functions and Gabor frames for modulation spaces
Representations of the celebrated Heisenberg commutation relations in quantum
mechanics and their exponentiated versions form the starting point for a number
of basic constructions, both in mathematics and mathematical physics (geometric
quantization, quantum tori, classical and quantum theta functions) and signal
analysis (Gabor analysis).
In this paper we try to bridge the two communities, represented by the two
co--authors: that of noncommutative geometry and that of signal analysis. After
providing a brief comparative dictionary of the two languages, we will show
e.g. that the Janssen representation of Gabor frames with generalized Gaussians
as Gabor atoms yields in a natural way quantum theta functions, and that the
Rieffel scalar product and associativity relations underlie both the functional
equations for quantum thetas and the Fundamental Identity of Gabor analysis.Comment: 38 pages, typos corrected, MSC class change
Y-Chromosome Variation in Hominids: Intraspecific Variation Is Limited to the Polygamous Chimpanzee
The original publication is available at www.plosone.orgBackground: We have previously demonstrated that the Y-specific ampliconic fertility genes DAZ (deleted in azoospermia)
and CDY (chromodomain protein Y) varied with respect to copy number and position among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
In comparison, seven Y-chromosomal lineages of the bonobo (Pan paniscus), the chimpanzee’s closest living relative,
showed no variation. We extend our earlier comparative investigation to include an analysis of the intraspecific variation of
these genes in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), and examine the resulting patterns in the light of
the species’ markedly different social and mating behaviors.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) of DAZ and CDY in 12 Y-chromosomal
lineages of western lowland gorilla (G. gorilla gorilla) and a single lineage of the eastern lowland gorilla (G. beringei graueri)
showed no variation among lineages. Similar findings were noted for the 10 Y-chromosomal lineages examined in the
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and 11 Y-chromosomal lineages of the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii). We validated
the contrasting DAZ and CDY patterns using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in chimpanzee and
bonobo.
Conclusion/Significance: High intraspecific variation in copy number and position of the DAZ and CDY genes is seen only in
the chimpanzee. We hypothesize that this is best explained by sperm competition that results in the variant DAZ and CDY
haplotypes detected in this species. In contrast, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans—species that are not subject to sperm
competition—showed no intraspecific variation in DAZ and CDY suggesting that monoandry in gorillas, and preferential
female mate choice in bonobos and orangutans, probably permitted the fixation of a single Y variant in each taxon. These
data support the notion that the evolutionary history of a primate Y chromosome is not simply encrypted in its DNA
sequences, but is also shaped by the social and behavioral circumstances under which the specific species has evolved.Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHE 214/8)Publisher's versio
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