Long-period contributions to the disturbing functions of the earth from the seventh, ninth, and eleventh zonal harmonics

Formulas for long period terms due to seventh, ninth, and eleventh zonal harmonics in disturbing function of earth - artificial earth satellit

Myths and misconceptions about hypnosis and suggestion: Separating fact and fiction

We present 21 prominent myths and misconceptions about hypnosis in order to promulgate accurate information and to highlight questions for future research. We argue that these myths and misconceptions have (a) fostered a skewed and stereotyped view of hypnosis among the lay public, (b) discouraged participant involvement in potentially helpful hypnotic interventions, and (c) impeded the exploration and application of hypnosis in scientific and practitioner communities. Myths reviewed span the view that hypnosis produces a trance or special state of consciousness and allied myths on topics related to hypnotic interventions; hypnotic responsiveness and the modification of hypnotic suggestibility; inducing hypnosis; and hypnosis and memory, awareness, and the experience of nonvolition. By demarcating myth from mystery and fact from fiction, and by highlighting what is known as well as what remains to be discovered, the science and practice of hypnosis can be advanced and grounded on a firmer empirical footing

RELATIVE INJECTIVITY AND EQUIVALENCE THEOREMS

Abstract. Two subgroups, H and K, of an abelian group G are said to be equivalent when there is an automorphism of G sending H onto K. Here we will consider equivalence theorems for torsion-free reduced abelian groups of finite rank. Hill wondered if a homogeneous group G with the type of the integers satisfying the simple test for the equivalence of pure subgroups must be free as an abelian group (problem 3 of [12]). The first author investigated Hill’s problem in [8] and considered the homogeneous groups G with the following property: whenever H and K are pure subgroups of G and f: H → K is an isomorphism, there is an automorphism of G restricting to f on H. It was established that the homogeneous group G has this isomorphism lifting property precisely when G is quasi-pure injective. In particular, G must be free as a module over the center of its endomorphism ring but G need not be free as an abelian group, thus answering Hill’s query in the negative. In this article we will classify the torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank which have the isomorphism lifting property (lips) defined above. Unlike the homogeneous situation, we show that groups having lips need not be quasipure injective (qpi), but qpi groups have the lips property. A notion related to the lips condition is the mteps condition; a group G has the minimal test for the equivalence of pure subgroups (mteps), if any two isomorphic pure subgroups of G are equivalent in G. We characterize the groups with mteps below, showing in particular the only circumstance when a homogeneous group G with mteps fails to be qpi is when rank G = 3 and {p|pG ̸ = G} excludes an infinite set of primes. 1

Placebo-Suggestion Modulates Conflict Resolution in the Stroop Task

<div><p>Here, we ask whether placebo-suggestion (without any form of hypnotic induction) can modulate the resolution of cognitive conflict. Naïve participants performed a Stroop Task while wearing an EEG cap described as a “brain wave” machine. In Experiment 1, participants were made to believe that the EEG cap would either enhance or decrease their color perception and performance on the Stroop task. In Experiment 2, participants were explicitly asked to <i>imagine</i> that their color perception and performance would be enhanced or decreased (non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion). We observed effects of placebo-suggestion on Stroop interference on accuracy: interference was decreased with positive suggestion and increased with negative suggestion compared to baseline. Intra-individual variability was also increased under negative suggestion compared to baseline. Compliance with the instruction to imagine a modulation of performance, on the other hand, did not influence accuracy and only had a negative impact on response latencies and on intra-individual variability, especially in the congruent condition of the Stroop Task. Taken together, these results demonstrate that expectations induced by a placebo-suggestion can modulate our ability to resolve cognitive conflict, either facilitating or impairing response accuracy depending on the suggestion’s contents. Our results also demonstrate a dissociation between placebo-suggestion and non-hypnotic imaginative suggestion.</p> </div