Ecology of a reef forming serpulid, Hydroides norvegica : final report

Experimental results reported herein were obtained on colonies of serpulid worms collected from a filter box (Fig. 1) through which water was pumped at a rate of about 1,000 gallons per day. The filter box was located within and the water was drawn from the cooling water intake system of the Central Power and Light Company plant located between the Port of Corpus Christi and Nueces Bay, Texas. Although at least three species of serpulids were identified from this locality during the spring of 1969, all specimens collected for experimentation included only Hydroides norvegica. Salinity of the water in the Port of Corpus Christi ranged from 29 to 35 ppt through the sampling period.Marine Scienc

Beach impact study, Padre Island National Seashore

Prepared for Office of Natural Science, Southwest Region, National Park Service, under contract CX70005044830 April 1976Vegetative differences between heavily and very lightly trafficked beaches show that more beach traffic correlates with quantitative decreases in variety and density of plants and with declines of grasses relative to forbs. The vegetated portions of all beaches continue to grow in volume. However, this is at the expense of the more seaward (more trafficked) parts of the beaches and has lead to overall loss of total beach volume except where vehicular traffic is prohibited. The very lightly trafficked beach is the only study site wherein the entire beach to mean sea level has grown. The effect of these trends on resistance to storm surge erosion remains to be tested.Marine Scienc

Environmental Considerations in Naval Operations

With its historic mission clearly defined as supporting the operational fleet, the Oceanographic Office of the U.S. Navy in recent years has expanded its efforts to also meet the growing challenge of working within a national program of studying the marine environment

A structure-preserving split finite element discretization of the split wave equations

We introduce a new finite element (FE) discretization framework applicable for covariant split equations. The introduction of additional differential forms (DF) that form pairs with the original ones permits the splitting of the equations into topological momentum and continuity equations and metric-dependent closure equations that apply the Hodge-star operator. Our discretization framework conserves this geometrical structure and provides for all DFs proper FE spaces such that the differential operators hold in strong form. We introduce lowest possible order discretizations of the split 1D wave equations, in which the discrete momentum and continuity equations follow by trivial projections onto piecewise constant FE spaces, omitting partial integrations. Approximating the Hodge-star by nontrivial Galerkin projections (GP), the two discrete metric equations follow by projections onto either the piecewise constant (GP0) or piecewise linear (GP1) space. Our framework gives us three schemes with significantly different behavior. The split scheme using twice GP1 is unstable and shares the dispersion relation with the P1-P1 FE scheme that approximates both variables by piecewise linear spaces (P1). The split schemes that apply a mixture of GP1 and GP0 share the dispersion relation with the stable P1-P0 FE scheme that applies piecewise linear and piecewise constant (P0) spaces. However, the split schemes exhibit second order convergence for both quantities of interest. For the split scheme applying twice GP0, we are not aware of a corresponding standard formulation to compare with. Though it does not provide a satisfactory approximation of the dispersion relation as short waves are propagated much too fast, the discovery of the new scheme illustrates the potential of our discretization framework as a toolbox to study and find FE schemes by new combinations of FE spaces

Structural Change and Union Transformation

Analysis of the role of structural change in labor movement revitalization is presented as part of a multicountry comparative project. There are two interrelated causal chains that explain successful union restructuring. First, there must be sufficient environmental pressure to overcome institutional inertia. Second, unions J need a clearly articulated vision that provides a basis for strategic decision making. Three viable motivations for restructuring are identified: aggressive, defensive, and strategic. Aggressive restructuring strengthens union leadership; defensive restructuring attempts to stabilize the union to assure survival. If the restructuring is merely aggressive or merely defensive, however, it will not contribute to a net increase in membership or power. Strategic restructuring involves substantial organizational change and promises to augment union power and contribute to renewal. This conceptual framework is presented in the context of comparative analysis designed to assess whether restructuring is essential for union revitalization

Combined analysis of KamLAND and Borexino neutrino signals from Th and U decays in the Earth's interior

The KamLAND and Borexino experiments have detected electron antineutrinos produced in the decay chains of natural thorium and uranium (Th and U geoneutrinos). We analyze the energy spectra of current geoneutrino data in combination with solar and long-baseline reactor neutrino data, with marginalized three-neutrino oscillation parameters. We consider the case with unconstrained Th and U event rates in KamLAND and Borexino, as well as cases with fewer degrees of freedom, as obtained by successively assuming for both experiments a common Th/U ratio, a common scaling of Th+U event rates, and a chondritic Th/U value. In combination, KamLAND and Borexino can reject the null hypothesis (no geoneutrino signal) at 5 sigma. Interesting bounds or indications emerge on the Th+U geoneutrino rates and on the Th/U ratio, in broad agreement with typical Earth model expectations. Conversely, the results disfavor the hypothesis of a georeactor in the Earth's core, if its power exceeds a few TW. The interplay of KamLAND and Borexino geoneutrino data is highlighted.Comment: 12 pages, including 6 figure

The use of Moses traditions in the Gospel of John: a contribution to John's use of the Old Testament

This thesis investigates the ways in which Moses traditions are used in the Gospel of John. The term "Moses traditions" is meant to refer to the stories connected with the person of Moses in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Later developments of these traditions are taken into account, if they are relevant to John's use of Moses traditions. The study addresses three areas of concern: First, the literary context and narrative significance of each instance of a use of a Moses tradition in John's Gospel is investigated. Secondly, the probability of the suggested links to the Old Testament Vorlagen is assessed. It is argued that in many cases the identification of a suggested link cannot be strictly separated from the interpretation of the link. Thirdly, the theological significance of each suggested link is presented. It is argued that the most significant theological inference from the use of Moses traditions in John is the sociological function of the christological use of Moses traditions. Although Moses traditions are used to illuminate the person of Jesus, the function of that use is time and again to define the identity of Christian believers in relation to mainstream Judaism. The introductory chapter presents a short survey of scholarly work on John's use of the OT. It also tackles the details involved in detecting and interpreting OT allusions in a NT text. Finally, it discusses the explicit use of the name "Moses" in John's Gospel and establishes the thesis of the sociological function of the use of Moses traditions. Chapter Two discusses the use of Sinai traditions in John 1 and 2. It is argued that Ex 33-34 provides the crucial OT background to Jn 1: 14-18, and that Ex 19-24 illuminates several details of John 1: 19-2: 11. Chapter Three follows the use of Passover traditions throughout the whole Gospel. It is argued that Passover traditions serve mainly to illuminate aspects of Jesus' death. Chapter Four presents the use of wilderness traditions in John 3 and 6-8. A multifaceted picture emerges that includes a variety of ways in which wilderness traditions are evoked. Also, an excursus is added that discusses the question of how John's use of the OT affects the theological value of the OT revelation. Chapter Five tackles several instances in which the prophet like Moses is evoked or in which Moses and Jesus are compared as persons. Chapter Six summarizes the main results of the study

Synthesis and characterization of α-, β-, and γ-Ga₂O₃ prepared from aqueous solutions by controlled precipitation

α, β and γ-Ga₂O₃ have been successfully obtained in an easily scalable synthesis using aqueous solution of gallium nitrate and sodium carbonate as starting materials without any surfactant and additive. α and β-Ga₂O₃ were obtained by calcination at 350 and 700 °С, respectively, of α-GaOOH, prepared by controlled precipitation at constant pH 6 and T = 55 °С, with 24 h of aging. Aging was necessary to fully convert the initially preciptated gel into a well-crystalline and phase-pure material. γ-Ga₂O₃ was obtained after calcination at 500 °С of gallia gel, synthesized at constant pH 4 and T = 25 °С, without aging. These three polymorphs have a for gallia relatively high surface area: 55 m²/g (α-Ga₂O₃), 23 m²/g (β-Ga₂O₃) and 116 m²/g (γ-Ga₂O₃). The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), nitrogen physisorption and thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to characterize the samples and their formation