Planning Guide Outdoor Recreation Facilities

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Relationship of sampling date and soil type to southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) populations in selected fields in Cocke County, Tennessee

In Cocke County, Tennessee, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is the third most important cash crop grown. Most fields have an infestation of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Past studies have shown that M. incognita reduces yields, predisposes plants to other diseases, and causes otherwise productive land to be of little value for tomato production. This study was undertaken to: (a) determine the best time of year for farmers to sample for the presence of root-knot nematode in tomatoes; (b) determine the effect of some soils on nematode population increase; (c) determine the behavior of root-knot nematode larvae in several soil types during the fall and winter following the growing season. Five fields, with known nematode infestation, were selected for study. Samples were taken monthly from a ten meter long and six rows wide plot in each field for fourteen months. Sampling began in February 1983 and continued through March 1984. Samples were taken in accordance with procedures outlined in Nematode Sampling Analysis, Form 664, revised May 1980. A centrifugal flotation method was used for extracting nematode larvae from the soil. The study found that the best time to sample was immediately after the production season. Some soils appeared to promote root knot nematode larvae population increase, whereas others seemed to suppress increases of the larvae. Larval counts dropped rapidly after the production season, leveled off in early winter, then dropped again in late winter

Radio Emission from SN 2001gd in NGC 5033

We present the results of monitoring the radio emission from the Type IIb supernova SN 2001gd between 2002 February 8 and 2002 October 28. Most of the data were obtained using the Very Large Array at the five wavelengths of $\lambda \lambda$1.3 cm (22.4 GHz), 2.0 cm (14.9 GHz), 3.6 cm (8.44 GHz), 6.2 cm (4.86 GHz), and 21 cm (1.4 GHz). Observations were also made with Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at $\lambda$21 cm (1.4 GHz). The object was discovered optically well after maximum light, making any determination of the early radio evolution difficult. However, subsequent observations indicate that the radio emission has evolved regularly in both time and frequency and is well described by the SN shock/circumstellar medium interaction model.Comment: 16 pages 2 figures to appear in Astrophysical Journa

Pasture Manipulaton on animal, crop and pasture production

1. Effect of Pasture Manipulation on Animal Production - 81M01 - \u27Ranfurly\u27. 2. Effect of Pasture Manipulation on Crop Production - 81M01 - \u27Ranfurly\u27. 3. Effect of Pasture Manipulation on Animal Production - 82NA29 - \u27Culford\u27. 4. Pasture Manipulation in a 1:1 Rotation at Esperance - 79El5 – \u27Esperance Downs\u27. 5. Pasture Manipulation in a 2 pasture: 1 crop Rotation – 81E35 – \u27Esperance Downs\u27. 6. Pasture Manipulation - Effects on Take-all - 82LG25 - \u27McMahons\u27

Long term pasture manipulation trials

A.W.I.R.C Project 498/0029 Pasture manipulation on the Esperance sandplain. Introduction In 1981 a 2 pasture: 1 crop rotation trial incorporating four pasture manipulation treatments was commenced on the Esperance Sandplain to determine: 1. the effect of herbicide manipulation of pasture composition on pasture and animal production. 2. the effect of grass control on take-all levels in a following cereal crop. 3. the effect of grass control on desicantha weevil levels in a following cereal crop. Rotation trial for wheat comparing a pure clover ley with a mixed pasture ley on the Esperance sandplain - Esperance Down Research Station. The effect of chemical grass control in pastures on subsequent crop production and take-all levels - 82LG25

23 GHz VLBI Observations of SN 2008ax

We report on phase-referenced 23 GHz Very-Long-Baseline-Interferometry (VLBI) observations of the type IIb supernova SN 2008ax, made with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) on 2 April 2008 (33 days after explosion). These observations resulted in a marginal detection of the supernova. The total flux density recovered from our VLBI image is 0.8$\pm$0.3 mJy (one standard deviation). As it appears, the structure may be interpreted as either a core-jet or a double source. However, the supernova structure could be somewhat confused with a possible close by noise peak. In such a case, the recovered flux density would decrease to 0.48$\pm$0.12 mJy, compatible with the flux densities measured with the VLA at epochs close in time to our VLBI observations. The lowest average expansion velocities derived from our observations are $(1.90 \pm 0.30) \times 10^5$ km s$^{-1}$ (case of a double source) and $(5.2 \pm 1.3) \times 10^4$ km s$^{-1}$ (taking the weaker source component as a spurious, close by, noise peak, which is the more likely interpretation). These velocities are 7.3 and 2 times higher, respectively, than the maximum ejecta velocity inferred from optical-line observations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in A&A on 24/03/200

The Radio Recovery of SN 1970G: The Continuing Radio Evolution of SN 1970G

Using the Very Large Array, we have detected radio emission from the site of SN 1970G in the Sc galaxy M101. These observations are 31 years after the supernova event, making SN 1970G the longest monitored radio supernova. With flux densities of 0.12 +/- 0.020 mJy at 6 cm and 0.16 +/- 0.015 mJy at 20 cm, the spectral index of -0.24 +/- 0.20 appears to have flattened somewhat when compared with the previously reported value of -0.56 +/- 0.11, taken in 1990. The radio emission at 20 cm has decayed since the 1990 observations with a power-law index of beta_20cm = -0.28 +/- 0.13. We discuss the radio properties of this source and compare them to those of other Type II radio supernovae.Comment: 11 pages, 1 table and 2 figures; To appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Relationships Between the Nutrient Content of Irrigated Pasture on Offer and that Selected by Grazing Dairy Cows

An experiment was conducted to determine the dry matter, energy, crude protein and fibre intake by dairy cows in late lactation when grazing perennial pasture offered at allocations of 15, 20, 30 and 40 kg DM/cow.day. The cows consistently selected a diet 10% higher in digestibility than that on offer. In contrast, cows selected diets with crude protein levels increasing from 22% to 40%, above that in pasture on offer, as pasture allocation increased. A similar pattern was observed for the intake of white clover (Trifolium repens L). The increase in the concentration of crude protein in the diet (as allocation increased) was due to the consumption of white clover and a decrease in the consumption of the dead components of the sward. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fibre content of the diet selected was lower than that on offer, and declined as pasture allocation increased

Plant and Sward Characteristics to Achieve High Intake in Ruminants

Key points Intake is affected by complex interactions between signals from the digestive tract, intermediary metabolism and energy supply, and behavioural signals associated with learned behaviours or sensory signals. The ideal sward needs to have characteristics that are similar to total mixed rations to achieve high intake and animal performance. Genetic manipulation of plants may offer an accelerated rate of plant improvement, but benefits need to be demonstrated in a systems context