Core reconstruction in pseudopotential calculations

A new method is presented for obtaining all-electron results from a pseudopotential calculation. This is achieved by carrying out a localised calculation in the region of an atomic nucleus using the embedding potential method of Inglesfield [J.Phys. C {\bf 14}, 3795 (1981)]. In this method the core region is \emph{reconstructed}, and none of the simplifying approximations (such as spherical symmetry of the charge density/potential or frozen core electrons) that previous solutions to this problem have required are made. The embedding method requires an accurate real space Green function, and an analysis of the errors introduced in constructing this from a set of numerical eigenstates is given. Results are presented for an all-electron reconstruction of bulk aluminium, for both the charge density and the density of states.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Completing the single market in financial services: the politics of competing advocacy coalitions

Why has the completion of the single market in financial services proved so difficult and time consuming? This paper addresses this question by evaluating the explanatory power of a revised version of the 'advocacy coalition framework' against the empirical record of the policy-making processes of key pieces of legislation dealing with securities trading in the EU. The findings suggest that in almost all the Lamfalussy directives, the main (but, by no means, the only) line of division was between a 'market-making' coalition and a 'market-shaping' one. This was owing to differences in the national regulatory frameworks, the configuration of national financial systems and their competitiveness (hence, 'interests'). However, the tension was also a consequence of different belief systems (hence, 'ideas') about financial services regulation. The latter have undergone a significant reappraisal as a result of the global financial crisis