Verlust und Bewahrung der Sprache der österreichischen Roma

This study deals with maintenance and loss of Romani, or romani čhib, according to shifts in the collective repertoire, attempting to explain these phenomena from the socio- -historical situation of each individual Austrian Roma group. In the process, the question of whether Romani is consciously perceived as a factor of identity by the various groups will be of importance.Ova studija bavi se očuvanjem i gubitkom romskoga jezika (romani čhib), s obzirom na pomake u kolektivnom repertoaru, te pokušava objasniti te pojave temeljem društveno- povijesnoga stanja svake pojedine austrijske romske skupine. U tom procesu važno je pitanje percipiraju li svjesno različite skupine Roma romski jezik kao čimbenik identiteta.Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit dem drohenden Verlust der Sprache, mit dem die österreichischen Roma angesichts der Abweichungen innerhalb des Kollektivrepertoires konfrontiert sind. Der Verfasser berichtet über Bemühungen zur Bewahrung dieser Sprache (Romani ^hib) und versucht, diese Erscheinung anhand der gesellschaftlichgeschichtlichen Lage jeder einzelnen in Österreich lebenden Gruppe von Roma zu erklären. Hierbei ist eine ganz wesentliche Frage, ob die verschiedenen Roma-Bevölkerungsgruppen selbst die Sprache als einen Identitätsfaktor wahrnehmen oder nicht

Subcellular localization and distribution of the reduced folate carrier in normal rat tissues

The reduced folate carrier (Rfc1; Slc19a1) mediated transport of reduced folates and antifolate drugs such as methotrexate (MTX) play an essential role in physiological folate homeostasis and MTX cancer chemotherapy. As no systematic reports are as yet available correlating Rfc1 gene expression and protein levels in all tissues crucial for folate and antifolate uptake, storage or elimination, we investigated gene and protein expression of rat Rfc1 (rRfc1) in selected tissues. This included the generation of a specific anti-rRfc1 antibody. Rabbits were immunised with isolated rRfc1 peptides producing specific anti-rRfc1 antiserum targeted to the intracellular C-terminus of the carrier. Using RT-PCR analysis, high rRfc1 transcript levels were detected in colon, kidney, brain, thymus, and spleen. Moderate rRfc1 gene expression was observed in small intestine, liver, bone marrow, lung, and testes whereas transcript levels were negligible in heart, skeletal muscle or leukocytes. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed strong carrier expression in the apical membrane of tunica mucosa epithelial cells of small intestine and colon, in the brush-border membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells or in endothelial cells of small vessels in brain and heart. Additionally, high rRfc1 protein levels were localized in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells, in the plasma membrane of periportal hepatocytes, and sertoli cells of the testes. Taken together, our results demonstrated that rRfc1 is expressed almost ubiquitously but to very different levels. The predominant tissue distribution supports the essential role of Rfc1 in physiological folate homeostasis. Moreover, our results may contribute to understand antifolate pharmacokinetics and selected organ toxicity associated with MTX chemotherapy

Results of the fifth international spectroradiometer comparison for improved solar spectral irradiance measurements and related impact on reference solar cell calibration

This paper reports on the results of the fifth spectral irradiance measurement intercomparison and the impact these results have on the spread of spectral mismatch calculations in the outdoor characterization of reference solar cell and photovoltaic (PV) devices. Ten laboratories and commercial partners with their own instruments were involved in the comparison. Solar spectral irradiance in clear sky condition was measured with both fast fixed and slow rotating grating spectroradiometers. This paper describes the intercomparison campaign, describes different statistical analysis used on acquired data, reports on the results, and analyzes the impact these results would have on the primary calibration of a c-Si PV reference cell under natural sunlight

The Role of Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Drugs

Drug transporters are recognized as key players in the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The localization of uptake and efflux transporters in organs responsible for drug biotransformation and excretion gives transporter proteins a unique gatekeeper function in controlling drug access to metabolizing enzymes and excretory pathways. This review seeks to discuss the influence intestinal and hepatic drug transporters have on pharmacokinetic parameters, including bioavailability, exposure, clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life, for orally dosed drugs. This review also describes in detail the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) and explains how many of the effects drug transporters exert on oral drug pharmacokinetic parameters can be predicted by this classification scheme

Withdrawal of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients exhibiting immunological response to HAART

BACKGROUND: Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV retinitis was a common complication in patients with advanced HIV disease and the therapy was well established; it consisted of an induction phase to control the infection with ganciclovir, followed by a lifelong maintenance phase to avoid or delay relapses. METHODS: To determine the safety of CMV maintenance therapy withdrawal in patients with immune recovery after HAART, 35 patients with treated CMV retinitis, on maintenance therapy, with CD4+ cell count greater than 100 cells/mm³ for at least three months, but almost all patients presented these values for more than six months and viral load < 30000 copies/mL, were prospectively evaluated for the recurrence of CMV disease. Maintenance therapy was withdrawal at inclusion, and patients were monitored for at least 48 weeks by clinical and ophthalmologic evaluations, and by determination of CMV viremia markers (antigenemia-pp65), CD4+/CD8+ counts and plasma HIV RNA levels. Lymphoproliferative assays were performed on 26/35 patients. RESULTS: From 35 patients included, only one had confirmed reactivation of CMV retinitis, at day 120 of follow-up. No patient returned positive antigenemia tests. No correlation between lymphoproliferative assays and CD4+ counts was observed. CONCLUSION: CMV retinitis maintenance therapy discontinuation is safe for those patients with quantitative immune recovery after HAART

REAKTIVEXTRAKTION

Nach einer Übersichtsdarstellung der Chemie reaktiver Extraktionsprozesse werden neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der Berechnung von Reaktivextraktionsverteilungsgleichgewichten sowie der Verfahrensauslegung von Box-Mixer-Settlern aufzeigt. Aus Platzgründen konzentriere ich mich ganz auf die Darstellung der Reaktivextraktion ionischer Spezies (vornehmlich Metallionen)

Die Macht bestimmt den Ton : Der Einfluss des situativen Makrokosmos auf die Beziehungsebene in Politikerinterviews

(VLID)405220

Polysystem, Repertoire und Identität

(VLID)404789

Die Verschriftlichung des Roman

(VLID)387264