6,634 research outputs found
Lawmakers as Job Buyers
In 2013, Washington State authorized the largest state tax incentive for private industry in U.S. history. It is not remarkable for a state legislature to use tax benefits to retain a major employer—in this case, the global aerospace manufacturer Boeing. Laws across all states and thousands of cities routinely incentivize companies such as Amazon to relocate or remain in particular areas. Notably, however, Washington did not recover any of the subsidies it authorized despite Boeing’s significant post-incentive workforce reductions. This story leads to several important questions: (1) How effective are state and local legislatures at influencing business-location decisions?; (2) Do such incentive programs actually achieve their goals of increasing and maintaining jobs?; (3) Is the public protected from imprudent spending? This Article looks specifically at the role of state and local governments in encouraging businesses to locate in their jurisdictions. In such cases, state and local lawmakers act as buyers of jobs. This Article argues for a two-step proposal to limit subnational government actions to incentivize business-location decisions. The first step involves a bidding process where companies are awarded incentives based on the lowest subsidy dollar amount required to create or retain a job of a certain quality or pay rate. The second step involves defining job metrics based on certain preconditions and recapturing incentives should a company fail to maintain or achieve a defined number of job and qualities inherent in each job. This two-step proposal has regulatory benefits and it mollifies the political concern for jurisdictions to appear competitive and the need for public financial protection
Self-consistent Green's function calculation of 16O at small missing energies
Calculations of the one-hole spectral function of 16O for small missing
energies are reviewed.
The self-consistent Green's function approach is employed together with the
Faddeev equations technique in order to study the coupling of both
particle-particle and particle-hole phonons to the single-particle motion. The
results indicate that the characteristics of hole fragmentation are related to
the low-lying states of 16O and an improvement of the description of this
spectrum, beyond the random phase approximation, is required to understand the
experimental strength distribution.
A first calculation in this direction that accounts for two-phonon states is
discussed.Comment: Proceedings of ``Nuclear Forces and the Quantum Many-Body Problem'',
INT, Oct. 4-8, 200
Rigorous QCD Predictions for Decays of P-Wave Quarkonia
Rigorous QCD predictions for decay rates of the P-wave states of heavy
quarkonia are presented. They are based on a new factorization theorem which is
valid to leading order in the heavy quark velocity and to all orders in the
running coupling constant of QCD. The decay rates for all four P states into
light hadronic or electromagnetic final states are expressed in terms of two
phenomenological parameters, whose coefficients are perturbatively calculable.
Logarithms of the binding energy encountered in previous perturbative
calculations of P-wave decays are factored into a phenomenological parameter
that is related to the probability for the heavy quark-antiquark pair to be in
a color-octet S-wave state. Applying these predictions to charmonium, we use
measured decay rates for the \chione and \chitwo to predict the decay rates
of the \chizero and .Comment: 13 page
Oceanographic applications of the Kalman filter
The Kalman filter is a data-processing algorithm with a distinguished history in systems theory. Its application to oceanographic problems is in the embryo stage. The behavior of the filter is demonstrated in the context of an internal equatorial Rossby wave propagation problem
Role of Long-Range Correlations on the Quenching of Spectroscopic Factors
We consider the proton and neutron quasiparticle orbits around the
closed-shell 56Ni and 48Ca isotopes. It is found that large model spaces
(beyond the capability of shell-model applications) are necessary for
predicting the quenchings of spectroscopic factors.
The particle-vibration coupling is identified as the principal mechanism.
Additional correlations--due to configuration with several particle-hole
excitations--are estimated using shell-model calculations and generate an extra
reduction which is < ~4% for most quasiparticle states. The theoretical
calculations nicely agree with (e,e'p) and heavy ion knock-out experiments.
These results open a new path for a microscopic understanding of the
shell-model.Comment: Minor comments added and typos corrected. Accepted for publication on
Phys. Rev. Let
Effects of nuclear correlations on the O reactions to discrete final states
Calculations of the O cross sections to the ground state and
first excited levels of the C and N nuclei are presented.
The effects of nuclear fragmentation have been obtained in a self-consistent
approach and are accounted for in the determination of the two-nucleon removal
amplitudes.
The Hilbert space is partitioned in order to compute the contribution of both
long- and short-range effects in a separate way.
Both the two-proton and the proton-neutron emission cross sections have been
computed within the same models for the reaction mechanism and the contribution
from nuclear structure, with the aim of better comparing the differences
between the two physical processes.
The O reaction is found to be sensitive to short-range
correlations, in agreement with previous results. The O cross
section to final states is dominated by the current and tensor
correlations. For both reactions, the interplay between collective (long-range)
effects and short-range and tensor correlations plays an important role. This
suggests that the selectivity of reactions to the final state can be
used to probe correlations also beyond short-range effects.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Cancellation of Infrared Divergences in Hadronic Annihilation Decays of Heavy Quarkonia
In the framework of a newly developed factorization formalism which is based
on NRQCD, explicit cancellations are shown for the infrared divergences that
appeared in the previously calculated hadronic annihilation decay rates of
P-wave and D-wave heavy quarkonia. We extend them to a more general case that
to leading order in and next-to-leading order in , the infrared
divergences in the annihilation amplitudes of color-singlet
pair can be removed by including the contributions of
color-octet operators ,
, ... in NRQCD. We also give the decay widths of
at leading order in .Comment: 8 pages, LaTex(3 figures included), to be publishe
Higgs Limit and b->s gamma Constraints in Minimal Supersymmetry
New limits on the Higgs mass from LEP and new calculations on the radiative
(penguin) decay of the b->s gamma branching ratio restrict the parameter space
of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM).
We find that for the low tan(beta) scenario only one sign of the Higgs mixing
parameter is allowed, while the high tan(beta scenario is practically excluded,
if one requires all sparticles to be below 1 TeV and imposes radiative
electroweak symmetry breaking as well as gauge and Yukawa coupling unification.
For squarks between 1 and 2 TeV high tan(beta) scenarios are allowed. We
consider especially a new high tan(beta)=64 scenario with triple unification of
all Yukawa couplings of the third generation, which show an infrared fixed
point behaviour.
The upper limit on the mass of the lightest Higgs in the low (high) tan(beta)
scenarios is 97+-6~(120+-2) GeV, where the errors originate predominantly from
the uncertainty in the top mass.Comment: latex + 6 eps figs, 10 pages, IEKP-KA/98-08; References updated in
replacement + 1 figure concerning triple Yukawa unification added for final
publication in Phys. Let
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