Decision making in forest road planning considering both skidding and road costs: a case study in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran

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Quantum optomechanics of a multimode system coupled via photothermal and radiation pressure force

We provide a full quantum description of the optomechanical system formed by a Fabry-Perot cavity with a movable micro-mechanical mirror whose center-of-mass and internal elastic modes are coupled to the driven cavity mode by both radiation pressure and photothermal force. Adopting a quantum Langevin description, we investigate simultaneous cooling of the micromirror elastic and center-of-mass modes, and also the entanglement properties of the optomechanical multipartite system in its steady state.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

APLIKASI MULTISENSOR DAN SMS GATEWAY PADA OTOMATISASI KANDANG KUCING DAN KELINCI (HARDWARE ELEKTRONIK DAN PEMROGRAMAN SISTEM KOMUNIKASI DENGAN HANDPHONE)

Short Messaging Service (SMS) is familiar to many people. Whenever each SMS can be sent, in addition to fast delivery of each SMS cost is also cheaper depending on provider and SMS delivery destination. A message facility at each mobile phone is easy and can be operated by many people even though a child. Begin as information technology will designed an application of sensors and SMS gateway on the cage pet of cat and rabbit. This system is expected to pet owners can find out the pets condition from eating, drinking, and sanitation system that has been shed know based in SMS Gateway. If the sensor on the back-up food or drinks detected low or medium level then the server system will send a message to the user. GSM modem using the media as the report related to the serial microcontroller. Keyword : SMS, AT Command, Comparator, Optical Sensor, Serial Communication

Hubungan Partisipasi Orang Tua dan Motivasi Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Geografi Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh

Penelitian ini berjudul hubungan partisipasi orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Geografi siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh. Masalah dalam penelitian adalah apakah terdapat hubungan partisipasi orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Geografi siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan partisipasi orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Geografi siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS yang berjumlah 80 siswa. Seluruh populasi dijadikan subjek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi ganda, koefisien determinasi berganda, koefisien korelasi ganda, dan uji F. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi ganda 0,2198 atau 21,98%. Nilai korelasi (r) antara partisipasi orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar yang diperoleh dari hasil penghitungan adalah 0,468 yang berarti terdapat korelasi yang sedang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa F­hitung > Ftabel atau 10,9 > 3,12, yaitu terima Ha. Artinya terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara partisipasi orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Geografi siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh

Aspergillus species and aflatoxin contamination in pepper (Capsicum annuum l.) in West Gojjam, Ethiopia

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important spice and source of income for smallholder producers in Ethiopia. Since the larger proportion is for the market, it takes a significant share of the national income from export commodity. However, often the product was rejected by some of the European Union markets due to the maximum aflatoxin level accumulations beyond their acceptable limits. So, the present study was carried out to highlight the importance of Aspergillus species invasion in pepper, and levels of aflatoxin contamination at maturity in the field (pod form), farmers' storage and local market (powder form) in West Gojjam, Ethiopia. A total of 135 pepper samples were collected from three districts of West Gojjam (Burie, Jabitehnan, and Fnoteselam), Ethiopia for fungal and aflatoxin analysis. The producers used a pre-validated structured questionnaire to obtain information on pepper production practices. Aspergillus species isolates were recovered using potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and counting was through dilution method (cfu g-1). The pepper pods were ground to a fine powder for aflatoxin analysis using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The prevalence of infected samples revealed that, pre-harvest samples (51%) were less infected by Aspergillus species, compared to local markets (65 %) and storage (79 %). Aspergillus flavus species were recovered in pre-harvest samples, whilst A. niger were found in local market samples. Aflatoxin contamination at pre-harvest, storage, and local market were 10, 47, and 42 % with levels which ranged from non-detected to 10.6, 0.3 - 17.1 and 3.1 - 19.2 ppb, respectively. The mean aflatoxin concentration detected from storage samples (10.6 ppb) and local market (12.6 ppb) were found to be above the tolerable limits set by EU (5 ppb) in pepper products. From the findings in this study, proper drying, physical separation of molded pods and use of clean storage structures should be implemented along the production chain in order to reduce aflatoxin contamination in pepper in Ethiopia