Introduction

Ce dossier a pour origine le colloque « Villes petites et moyennes, un regard renouvelé », organisé à Tours fin 2010, par le laboratoire Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (UMR 6173 de l’université François-Rabelais de Tours et du CNRS), en collaboration avec les universités d’Orléans, Poitiers et La Rochelle. Durant deux jours, 70 communications ont été présentées. 120 chercheurs sont intervenus, dont 30 venus de l’étranger (Europe, Canada, Amérique du Sud, Afrique). Plusieurs que..

Urban Climate, Human behavior & Energy consumption: from LCZ mapping to simulation and urban planning (the MapUCE project)

International audienceThe MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy.The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on urban microclimate and building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents in France 41% of the final energy consumption. Both aspects are coupled as building energy consumption is highly meteorologically dependent (e.g. domestic heating, air-conditioning) and heat waste impact the Urban Heat Island. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating Local Climate Zones (LCZ) for all cities in France, including the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy and microclimate simulations.As will be presented, previous projects on adaptation of cities to climate change have shown that human behavior is a very potent level to address energy consumption reduction, as much as urban forms or architectural technologies. Therefore, in order to further refine the coupled urban climate and energy consumption calculations, we will develop within TEB (and its Building Energy Module) a model of energy consumer behavior.The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in urban policies. Lawyers analyze the potential levers in legal and planning documents. A few “best cases” are also studied, in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to include quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information.To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies.In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. LCZ and associated urban (and social!) indicators may be integrated within the WUDAPT database

Quand Xynthia fait rimer attractivité du littoral avec vulnérabilité

National audienc

« La Ruée vers l’Ouest ? »

Espaces convoités, les littoraux français sont généralement soumis à une forte attraction résidentielle, elle-même porteuse d’enjeux territoriaux majeurs. Toutefois, il existe un décalage entre l’importance de ces enjeux et la difficile évaluation de l’attraction du littoral, particulièrement en France. La perspective d’exploiter les données du recensement 2006 représente une excellente occasion de se pencher sur cette question en étudiant plus particulièrement la façade atlantique, devenue la plus attractive de France depuis 1999. Après s’être interrogé sur les indicateurs pertinents pour mesurer l’attraction résidentielle, l’article propose d’évaluer l’ampleur de ce processus au sein des villes du littoral atlantique puis d’en décliner les modalités (origine géographique et profil des migrants, espaces privilégiés d’implantation), notamment à partir d’une comparaison entre deux villes-ports : Lorient et La Rochelle.French coastal areas are much sought after and generally subject to high residential attraction, which itself gives rise to major regional challenges. However, there is a mismatch between the scale of these challenges and the problematic evaluation of the coastline's appeal, especially in France. The prospect of drawing on data from the 2006 census provides an excellent opportunity to examine this question with a particular focus on the Atlantic zone, which has emerged as the most attractive stretch of coastline in France since 1999. After considering the key indicators in gauging residential attraction, the article assesses the extent of this process within the cities of the Atlantic coast then sets out the modalities (geographical origin and profile of migrants, favoured areas for setting up home), primarily through a comparison between the port cities of Lorient and La Rochelle

La Rochelle/Ile de Ré : nouvel eldorado ouest-atlantique ?

National audienc

Comment définir la ville petite et moyenne ?

International audienc

Chômage et marginalité sociale : quelle vérité géographique ? (Unemployment and social marginality : what geographic truth ?)

National audienceUnemployment rate is a necessary but not sufficient indicator expressing the spatial dimension of social and economic difficulties (precarious- ness, poverty, exclusion). By introducing an indicator turning on marginality global concept, we try to make keener the social reading of French space. Through a study on national and regional scales, we suggest a geography much closer to social realities and qualifying the traditional oppositions between Paris/Provinces, Town/Country or Littoral/Hinterland. In this way, the indicator of marginality contributes to the understanding of social disparities which punctuate the territory.Le taux de chômage est un indicateur nécessaire mais non suffisant pour traduire la dimension spatiale des difficultés socio-économiques d'unepopulation (précarité, pauvreté, exclusion). En introduisant un indicateur articulé autour du concept global de marginalité, nous tentons d'affiner la lecture sociale de l'espace français. A travers une étude par Zone d'emploi aux échelles nationale et régionale, nous proposons une géographie se voulant plus proche des réalités sociales et nuançant les traditionnelles oppositions Paris/Province, Ville/Campagne ou Littoral/Arrière-pays. Ainsi, l'indicateur de marginalité contribue à la compréhension des disparités sociales qui jalonnent le territoire

« La Ruée vers l’Ouest ? »

French coastal areas are much sought after and generally subject to high residential attraction, which itself gives rise to major regional challenges. However, there is a mismatch between the scale of these challenges and the problematic evaluation of the coastline's appeal, especially in France. The prospect of drawing on data from the 2006 census provides an excellent opportunity to examine this question with a particular focus on the Atlantic zone, which has emerged as the most attractive stretch of coastline in France since 1999. After considering the key indicators in gauging residential attraction, the article assesses the extent of this process within the cities of the Atlantic coast then sets out the modalities (geographical origin and profile of migrants, favoured areas for setting up home), primarily through a comparison between the port cities of Lorient and La Rochelle

Habiter temporairement les campagnes

National audienc