9 research outputs found
Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Susceptibility Staphylococcus aureus in Chon Buri Province
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļāļāļāļ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 103 āđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ āđāļĨāļ° Methicillin-susceptibility Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 136 āđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ āļāļĩāđāđāļĒāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļđāđāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāđāļāļ§āļĩ āļ āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĢāļēāļāļē āļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļĩ āļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļāļ§āđāļē MSSA āļāļļāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ§āļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļ Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime āđāļĨāļ° Vancomycin āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āļāļāļāļļāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļ Penicillin G āđāļĨāļ° Ampicillin āļĒāļāđāļ§āđāļ MSSA āļāļĩāđāđāļĒāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļāđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļĩ āļāļīāļāđāļāđāļ 2.88% āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļ āļŠāđāļ§āļ MRSA āļāļļāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĒāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļąāđāļ 2 āđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ§āļāđāļ Vancomycin āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļ Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Oxacillin āđāļĨāļ° Cefoxitin āļŠāđāļ§āļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļĒāļēāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļāļīāļāļāļāļ MRSA āļāļĩāđāđāļĒāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļāđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļĢāļĄāļĢāļēāļāđāļāļ§āļĩ āļ āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĢāļēāļāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĨāļāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļĩ āļāļāļ§āđāļēāļĄāļĩāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē 6 āļāļāļīāļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļīāļāđāļāđāļ 94.74% āđāļĨāļ° 97.62% āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ° MSSA āļĄāļĩāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļ 3 āļāļāļīāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļīāļāđāļāđāļ 71.87% āđāļĨāļ° 60.58% āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļąāđāļ MRSA āđāļĨāļ° MSSA āļāļĩāđāļāļąāļāđāļĒāļāļĄāļēāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļĩāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļāļīāļ  āđāļāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĒāļīāđāļ MRSA āļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāđāļāļāđāļēāđāļĨāļāđāļāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)Methicillin-susceptibility Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ§āļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļĒāļēāļāļāļīāļāļĩāļ§āļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļāļīāļ ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and pattern of multidrug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 103 isolates) and methicillin-susceptibility Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 136 isolates) recovered from the patients in Chon Buri Hospital and Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital in Chon Buri Province. All isolates of MSSA were susceptible to oxacillin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime and vancomycin. Almost all MSSA isolates were resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin, except 2.88% MSSA isolated from Chon Buri Hospital. All MRSA isolates recovered from both hospitals exhibited susceptibility to vancomycin and were resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin. In case of antimicrobial resistant pattern of S. sureus isolated from Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital and Chon Buri Hospital, MRSA showed the highest resistance to more than 6 types of antimicrobial agents (94.74% and 97.62%, respectively) while MSSA presented the highest resistance to 3 types of those agents (71.87% and 60.58%, respectively). This finding indicated that both MRSA and MSSA collected from hospitals in Chon Buri Province were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, particularly, beta-lactam antibiotics resistance of MRSA.Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-susceptibility Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Antimicrobial susceptibility, Multidrug resistan
Specific enzyme activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in various age of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, tested at different temperatures
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of age of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and tested temperatures on in vitro enzymes activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Extracted enzymes from the intestine of tilapia age 45-140 days were determined specific enzyme activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin at various temperatures between 30-70 šC and 20-60 šC, respectively. Expression of specific activities of trypsin (T) and chymotrypsin (C) depended on fish age and tested temperatures. The highest specific activity of trypsin was found in fish aged 105 days using a tested temperature of 70 šC whereas that of chymotrypsin was observed at fish aged 120 days using 60 šC. Tested temperatures resulting in the highest specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were detected at 70 šC and 60 šC, respectively. The T/C ratio in fish aged 105 days had the highest value, compared to those of other fish age. An increase in tested temperatures resulted in higher T/C ratio. This study allowed understanding of the expression of specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin of tilapia at various age, which can be used as the baseline information for further development of suitable feed formulation of tilapia based on in vitro digestibility
Bacterial Contamination and Decontamination of Cryopreserved Freshwater Fish Milt in Thailand: Case Study of Silver Barb (Barbodes gonionotus) Milt
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāđāļāđāļāļŠāļēāđāļŦāļāļļāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŦāđāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĨāļāļĨāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļāļ§āļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļāļāļ āļąāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļāļāļāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĒāļīāđāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļŠāđāļ§āļāđāļŦāļāđāļĄāļąāļāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļģāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļĨāļē āļāļĢāļĩāļāļāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļļāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļ§āļ°āļāļāļāļāļĨāļē āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļđāļāļŠāļļāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŦāđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāđāļāđ āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļŠāļēāļĒāļŠāļ§āļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāđāļēāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĻāļāļĨāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāđāļģāļāļĢāļēāļĻāļāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļīāđāļ§āļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĻāđāļŦāđāđāļŦāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļĄāđāļāļģāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļļāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļ§āļ°āļĄāļēāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāļĒāļąāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļĨāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāđāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĄāļēāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđāļĒāļēāļāļāļīāļāļĩāļ§āļāļ°āļāļŠāļĄ 0.25% Penicillin-Streptomycin āđāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāđāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļŠāđāļāļīāļĢāđāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļīāļŠāļāļāļī āļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļīāļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila āđāļĨāļ°Â Pseudomonas fluorescens āļĒāļąāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļĒāļēāļāļāļīāļāļĩāļ§āļāļ°āļāļŠāļĄāļāļąāđāļāļŠāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāđāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļŠāļĄāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄ āļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļ§āļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļāļāđāļāđāļĨāļĒāļĩāđāļŦāļĄāđāđ āļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāđāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āļāļĨāļēāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļ§ āđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļ āļāđāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļ ABSTRACTBacteria contamination is an important factor of decline in milt quality and creates a concern in biological safety of cryopreserved sperm. Bacterial contamination can occur in every step of cryopreservation processes, particularly, during milt collection. Most contaminated bacteria usually originate from culture water, anal fins, and fecal and urine mixtures. Implementation of a standard sanitation protocol required for minimal bacterial contamination in laboratory is capable of decreasing degree of contamination. Moreover, rinsing urogenital aperture with sterile water and drying urogenital opening prior to milt collection using a catheter, and no use of milt with fecal and urine mixture can dramatically reduce the number and type of bacterial contaminants in cryostored milt. Application of 0.25% penicillin-streptomycin mixture is also an alternative technique for minimizing bacteria contaminants in cryopreserved milt without negative effect on sperm quality and fertilization success. However, some pathogenic bacteria e.g. Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens still remain due to their resistance to these mixed antibiotics and they can be transferred from cryostored milt to artificially inseminated embryos of silver barb. Therefore, development of effective novel technology for decontamination of pathogenic bacteria in cryostored milt without detrimental effect on fish sperm should be further established.Keywords: silver barb, bacteria, contamination, cryopreserved milt
āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļēāļāļĨāļģāđāļŠāđāļāļļāđāļāļāļļāļĨāļēāļāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļēāļ°āđāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļŠāļąāļāļ§āđāļāđāļģ
āļ§āļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒ āļĄāļāļĢ.āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĢ, āļāļĩāļāļĩāđ 16, āļāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ 1 (āļĄ.āļ.-āļĄāļī.āļĒ 2565), āļŦāļāđāļē 105-116In this study, 14 bacterial strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) was investigated for their probiotic potential. The results showed that 6 strains, namely S1, S3, S6, S7, T4 and T5 were able to degrade 3 nutrient substances including protein, starch, and lipid among which S3, S7, and S2 were the best tested nutrient-degrading bacteria, respectively. Six bacterial strains were unable to lyse red blood cells including S2, S3, T0, T1, T2 and T3. S2 strain showed the strongest antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogenic Vibrio harveyi following an agar overlay technique. Based on environmental tolerance tests, S2 and T0 strains grew well under wide ranges of environmental conditions, e.g. sodium chloride concentration (0-8%), pH (6-10), and temperature (25-37C). As a consequence, S2 strain had the most probiotic potential for shrimp culture owing to no hemolysis of red blood cells, inhibition of V. harveyi growth, protein and lipid degrading ability, and high environmental tolerance for shrimp cultivation. The strain was identified as Micrococcus sp. S2. However, additional study focused on immune response, nutrient digestibility and growth promotion of the strain should be further performed in marine shrimp.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho
āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļēāļ āļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ āļāđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ-āļāđāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļ§āļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļāļāļāļāđāļģāļāļ·āđāļĄāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāđāļēāļĒāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĻāļāļēāļĨāļāļāļĢāļāļļāļāļĨāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļĩ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒ
āļ§āļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒ āļĄāļāļĢ.āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĢ, āļāļĩāļāļĩāđ 15, āļāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ 1 (āļĄ.āļ.-āļĄāļī.āļĒ. 2564), āļŦāļāđāļē 26-38. In this study, examination of label information, physical and microbiological qualities was
performed in 30 clear-plastic and 3 opaque-plastic bottled drinking water products distributed in city municipality of Ubon Ratchathani. Results showed that 12 clear-plastic (36%) and 3 opaque-plastic (9%) bottled drinking water samples had no expiry date on the product labels, which were discordant to the criteria for drinking water in sealed containers imposed by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand no. 383 (2017). Odorless appearances of all drinking water samples were observed. Values of pH in 4 clear-plastic (12%) and 3 opaque-plastic (9%) bottled drinking water samples were in the ranges of 6.21Âą0.00â6.29Âą0.03, which were below the allowable limit (pH 6.5â8.5). All bottled drinking water products contained numbers of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria less than 2 MPN/100 mL and were devoid of E. coli. Therefore, based on the quality of clear-plastic and opaqueplastic bottled drinking water products distributed in city municipality of Ubon Ratchathani, 1 5 samples (45%) did not meet standard for drinking water in sealed containers declared by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand (1981 and 2017) owing to no expiry date labeled on the products and pH value below 6.5.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho
āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ āļāđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ-āļāđāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļāļĩāļ§āļ§āļīāļāļĒāļē āļāļāļāļāđāļģāļāļ·āđāļĄāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāļāļĨāļīāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļĢāļĩāļĢāļąāļĄāļĒāđ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒ
āļ§āļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒ āļĄāļāļĢ.āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĢ, 9 (2) : 32-43In this study, pH, physical, and microbiological qualities of clear and opaque plastic bottled drinking water produced in Buriram Province, Thailand, were investigated. Samples of bottled drinking water (N=22) were 8 clear plastic bottles and 14 opaque plastic bottles. Results showed that pH value of all samples were in a range of 6.04 Âą 0.03 to 7.61 Âą 0.01 in which 7 samples were not acceptable according to the criteria for drinking water in sealed containers declared by the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. Coliform bacteria in all tested samples were less than 1.8 MPN/100mL and none of E. coli was detected. Therefore, consumers of bottled drinking water produced from Buriram province should be aware of health safety because some drinking water products were unacceptable in terms of pH value.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho
Human TRP14 gene homologue from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: identification, evolution, expression and functional characterization
Thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa, TRP14, has previously been identified only in humans. Here we report the identification and expression of an amphioxus TRP14 gene, named AmphiTRP14, the first such data in a non-mammalian organism. AmphiTRP14 consists of a 372-bp open reading frame coding for a 123-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 14 kDa. It shares 56% identity with human TRP14 and possesses a highly conserved motif CPDC. Sequence comparison suggests the evolutionary appearance of the four-exon-three-intron organization of TRP14 genes after the split of protostome/deuterostome, which is highly conserved since then. AmphiTRP14 has been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The recombinant protein exhibited features characteristic of human TRP14, including a reductase activity towards insulin. Both in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed that AmphiTRP14 was expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with the most abundant expression in the hepatic caecum, ovary and hind-gut. This suggests that AmphiTRP14 plays a fundamental but tissue-specific role, or alternatively reflects differences in the tissue susceptibility to oxidative damage