7 research outputs found
Resveratrol activates antioxidant protective mechanisms in cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease inflammation
Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with known benefits against neurodegeneration. We analyzed in vitro the protective mechanisms of resveratrol against the proinflammatory monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP). mCRP increases the risk of AD after stroke and we previously demonstrated that intracerebral mCRP induces AD-like dementia in mice. Here, we used BV2 microglia treated with mCRP for 24 h in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Cells and conditioned media were collected for analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has also been implicated in AD progression and so LPS was used as a resveratrol-sensitive reference agent. mCRP at the concentration of 50 µg/mL activated the nitric oxide pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, mCRP induced cyclooxygenase-2 and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol effectively inhibited these changes and increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Cat and Sod2. As central mechanisms of defense, resveratrol activated the hub genes Sirt1 and Nfe2l2 and inhibited the nuclear translocation of the signal transducer NF-ĸB. Proinflammatory changes induced by mCRP in primary mixed glial cultures were also protected by resveratrol. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the protective benefits of resveratrol in preventing the risk of AD induced by proinflammatory agents
Effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation after ischemic brain stroke in mice
U imunosne stanice sa sposobnošću fagocitoze spadaju makrofagi koji se nalaze u cijelom tijelu,
dok u mozgu istu funkciju obavljaju stanice mikroglije. Spremište perifernih makrofaga kao i svih
imunosnih stanica je slezena. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ustvrditi utjecaj perifernih makrofaga na
upalne procese i oporavak nakon izazvanog ishemijskog moždanog udara kod miša. Miševi su
podijeljeni u dvije skupine po šest miševa. Jednoj skupini je odstranjena slezena, kako bi se smanjio
broj dostupnih makrofaga, dok drugoj nije. Nakon izazivanja moždanog udara miševi su žrtvovani
28. dan i napravljeni su prerezi korteksa, hipokampusa i striatuma. Ti prerezi su bojani
imunohistokemijskim metodama na proupalne i specifične stanične markere kako bi se odredila
prisutnost makrofaga i mikroglije na mjestu ishemijske ozljede. Nakon statističke obrade pokazano
je da je upala jača kod skupine miševa kojoj je odstranjena slezena što ukazuje na važnost
makrofaga u ublažavanju upale i potencijalni brži oporavak.Macrophages and microglia are immune cells that belong to the innate immune group of cells and
have the capacity to phagocytize. Macrophages can be found throughout the body while microglia
can be found in the brain. The main reservoir of peripheral macrophages is the spleen. The aim of
this study was to study the effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation and recovery
after ischemic brain stroke in mice. The mice were divided into two groups of six mice. One group
underwent splenectomy while the other was sham operated. Ischemic brain stroke was then induced
in both groups on the left hemisphere of the brain and mice were sacrificed on the twenty-eigth
day, brain slices consisting of the cortex, hippocampus and striatum were made. Those slices were
dyed by immunohistochemistry for specific inflammation and cell markers so that the quantity of
cells and severeness of inflammation could be measured at the ischemic injury. Results showed
that the inflammation was more severe in mice that underwent splenectomy which potentially
points to the importance of macrophages in lessening inflammation and promoting recovery
Connections between mode of delivery and the imune system of a child
Na fiziologiju i imunosni sustav djeteta mogu utjecati razne stvari, tokom poroda. Prva i
najbitnija stvar je razlika između vaginalnog poroda i poroda carskim rezom. Tijekom vaginalnog
poroda dolazi do oksidativnog stresa, hipoksije, interakcija s majčinim hormonima i djelovanja
različitih sila na dijete. Carskim rezom dijete sve to izbjegne. Zbog manjka svih tih stresnih
situacija i međudjelovanja dijete može razviti anatomske deformacije poput nerazvijenih pluća te
imunosni sustav koji nije kompletno razvijen – može imati smanjenu količinu interferona y. Kako
bi se takvo nešto spriječilo mogu se koristiti određene tvari poput kortikosteroida, koja potiču
razvitak pluća nakon poroda.
Carskim rezom se također izbjegava mikrobiom koji se nalazi u vaginalnom traktu. To
može prouzročiti oslabljenim imunosnim sustavom i određenim patološkim stanjima poput
infekcije. To se može potencijalno riješiti izlaganjem djeteta vaginalnom mikrobiomu nakon
poroda.
Tijekom vaginalnog poroda uključuju se razni epigenetički mehanizmi koji utječu na
ekspresiju gena, a aktivirani su upravo stresom kroz koji dijete prolazi tijekom poroda. Taj stres se
smanjuje tijekom poroda carskim rezom, pa samim time i ne dolazi do aktivacije tih mehanizama.
U slučaju preranog poroda (prije 37. tjedna trudnoće), dijete ima oslabljen imunosni
sustav. Kao i kod normalnog poroda, dijete nema još razvijenu stečenu imunost, nego se oslanja
na urođenu. Kod prerano rođene djece, urođena imunost nije do kraja razvijena, zbog manjka
leukocita koji su zaslužni za to, pa je dijete podložnije patološkim stanjima poput sepse. Takvo
dijete treba izolirati od interakcija s okolišem i pokušati mu razviti imunosni sustav na primjer
majčinim mlijekom koje sadrži majčina antitijela.Various things during delivery can have an affect on the physiology and the immune
system of a child. The first and most important thing is the difference between a vaginal birth and
a Caesarean section. Oxidative stress, hypoxia, interactions with the mother's hormones and the
effect of different forces on a child all happen during a vaginal birth and are not present during the
Caesarean section. Due to the lack of all these stressful situations and interactions, the child may
develop anatomical deformities such as underdeveloped lungs or an underdeveloped immune14
system, e.g. they have a reduced amount of interferon y. To prevent this, certain substances like
corticosteroids that stimulate lung development after birth can be used.
A microbiom located in the vaginal tract is also avoided with the C-section. That can cause
a weakened immune system and certain pathological conditions like infections. This can
potentially be solved by exposing the child to the vaginal microbiom after birth.
During vaginal labour different epigenetic mechanisms that affect gene expression are
activated by the stress that a child goes through during labour. That stress is reduced during Csection so those mechanisms don't get activated.
In case of premature delivery (before the 37th week) the child has a weakened immune
system. As with normal delivery, the child does not yet have an acquired immune system, but
relies on the innate one. The innate immunity is not fully developed in prematurely born children
because of the lack of leukocytes responsible for this so the child is more susceptible to
pathological conditions such as sepsis. A child born like this needs to be isolated from interactions
with the environment and its' immune system development should be helped with the mother's
milk which contains the mother's antibodies
Connections between mode of delivery and the imune system of a child
Na fiziologiju i imunosni sustav djeteta mogu utjecati razne stvari, tokom poroda. Prva i
najbitnija stvar je razlika između vaginalnog poroda i poroda carskim rezom. Tijekom vaginalnog
poroda dolazi do oksidativnog stresa, hipoksije, interakcija s majčinim hormonima i djelovanja
različitih sila na dijete. Carskim rezom dijete sve to izbjegne. Zbog manjka svih tih stresnih
situacija i međudjelovanja dijete može razviti anatomske deformacije poput nerazvijenih pluća te
imunosni sustav koji nije kompletno razvijen – može imati smanjenu količinu interferona y. Kako
bi se takvo nešto spriječilo mogu se koristiti određene tvari poput kortikosteroida, koja potiču
razvitak pluća nakon poroda.
Carskim rezom se također izbjegava mikrobiom koji se nalazi u vaginalnom traktu. To
može prouzročiti oslabljenim imunosnim sustavom i određenim patološkim stanjima poput
infekcije. To se može potencijalno riješiti izlaganjem djeteta vaginalnom mikrobiomu nakon
poroda.
Tijekom vaginalnog poroda uključuju se razni epigenetički mehanizmi koji utječu na
ekspresiju gena, a aktivirani su upravo stresom kroz koji dijete prolazi tijekom poroda. Taj stres se
smanjuje tijekom poroda carskim rezom, pa samim time i ne dolazi do aktivacije tih mehanizama.
U slučaju preranog poroda (prije 37. tjedna trudnoće), dijete ima oslabljen imunosni
sustav. Kao i kod normalnog poroda, dijete nema još razvijenu stečenu imunost, nego se oslanja
na urođenu. Kod prerano rođene djece, urođena imunost nije do kraja razvijena, zbog manjka
leukocita koji su zaslužni za to, pa je dijete podložnije patološkim stanjima poput sepse. Takvo
dijete treba izolirati od interakcija s okolišem i pokušati mu razviti imunosni sustav na primjer
majčinim mlijekom koje sadrži majčina antitijela.Various things during delivery can have an affect on the physiology and the immune
system of a child. The first and most important thing is the difference between a vaginal birth and
a Caesarean section. Oxidative stress, hypoxia, interactions with the mother's hormones and the
effect of different forces on a child all happen during a vaginal birth and are not present during the
Caesarean section. Due to the lack of all these stressful situations and interactions, the child may
develop anatomical deformities such as underdeveloped lungs or an underdeveloped immune14
system, e.g. they have a reduced amount of interferon y. To prevent this, certain substances like
corticosteroids that stimulate lung development after birth can be used.
A microbiom located in the vaginal tract is also avoided with the C-section. That can cause
a weakened immune system and certain pathological conditions like infections. This can
potentially be solved by exposing the child to the vaginal microbiom after birth.
During vaginal labour different epigenetic mechanisms that affect gene expression are
activated by the stress that a child goes through during labour. That stress is reduced during Csection so those mechanisms don't get activated.
In case of premature delivery (before the 37th week) the child has a weakened immune
system. As with normal delivery, the child does not yet have an acquired immune system, but
relies on the innate one. The innate immunity is not fully developed in prematurely born children
because of the lack of leukocytes responsible for this so the child is more susceptible to
pathological conditions such as sepsis. A child born like this needs to be isolated from interactions
with the environment and its' immune system development should be helped with the mother's
milk which contains the mother's antibodies
Effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation after ischemic brain stroke in mice
U imunosne stanice sa sposobnošću fagocitoze spadaju makrofagi koji se nalaze u cijelom tijelu,
dok u mozgu istu funkciju obavljaju stanice mikroglije. Spremište perifernih makrofaga kao i svih
imunosnih stanica je slezena. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ustvrditi utjecaj perifernih makrofaga na
upalne procese i oporavak nakon izazvanog ishemijskog moždanog udara kod miša. Miševi su
podijeljeni u dvije skupine po šest miševa. Jednoj skupini je odstranjena slezena, kako bi se smanjio
broj dostupnih makrofaga, dok drugoj nije. Nakon izazivanja moždanog udara miševi su žrtvovani
28. dan i napravljeni su prerezi korteksa, hipokampusa i striatuma. Ti prerezi su bojani
imunohistokemijskim metodama na proupalne i specifične stanične markere kako bi se odredila
prisutnost makrofaga i mikroglije na mjestu ishemijske ozljede. Nakon statističke obrade pokazano
je da je upala jača kod skupine miševa kojoj je odstranjena slezena što ukazuje na važnost
makrofaga u ublažavanju upale i potencijalni brži oporavak.Macrophages and microglia are immune cells that belong to the innate immune group of cells and
have the capacity to phagocytize. Macrophages can be found throughout the body while microglia
can be found in the brain. The main reservoir of peripheral macrophages is the spleen. The aim of
this study was to study the effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation and recovery
after ischemic brain stroke in mice. The mice were divided into two groups of six mice. One group
underwent splenectomy while the other was sham operated. Ischemic brain stroke was then induced
in both groups on the left hemisphere of the brain and mice were sacrificed on the twenty-eigth
day, brain slices consisting of the cortex, hippocampus and striatum were made. Those slices were
dyed by immunohistochemistry for specific inflammation and cell markers so that the quantity of
cells and severeness of inflammation could be measured at the ischemic injury. Results showed
that the inflammation was more severe in mice that underwent splenectomy which potentially
points to the importance of macrophages in lessening inflammation and promoting recovery
Effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation after ischemic brain stroke in mice
U imunosne stanice sa sposobnošću fagocitoze spadaju makrofagi koji se nalaze u cijelom tijelu,
dok u mozgu istu funkciju obavljaju stanice mikroglije. Spremište perifernih makrofaga kao i svih
imunosnih stanica je slezena. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ustvrditi utjecaj perifernih makrofaga na
upalne procese i oporavak nakon izazvanog ishemijskog moždanog udara kod miša. Miševi su
podijeljeni u dvije skupine po šest miševa. Jednoj skupini je odstranjena slezena, kako bi se smanjio
broj dostupnih makrofaga, dok drugoj nije. Nakon izazivanja moždanog udara miševi su žrtvovani
28. dan i napravljeni su prerezi korteksa, hipokampusa i striatuma. Ti prerezi su bojani
imunohistokemijskim metodama na proupalne i specifične stanične markere kako bi se odredila
prisutnost makrofaga i mikroglije na mjestu ishemijske ozljede. Nakon statističke obrade pokazano
je da je upala jača kod skupine miševa kojoj je odstranjena slezena što ukazuje na važnost
makrofaga u ublažavanju upale i potencijalni brži oporavak.Macrophages and microglia are immune cells that belong to the innate immune group of cells and
have the capacity to phagocytize. Macrophages can be found throughout the body while microglia
can be found in the brain. The main reservoir of peripheral macrophages is the spleen. The aim of
this study was to study the effect of peripheral macrophages on neuroinflammation and recovery
after ischemic brain stroke in mice. The mice were divided into two groups of six mice. One group
underwent splenectomy while the other was sham operated. Ischemic brain stroke was then induced
in both groups on the left hemisphere of the brain and mice were sacrificed on the twenty-eigth
day, brain slices consisting of the cortex, hippocampus and striatum were made. Those slices were
dyed by immunohistochemistry for specific inflammation and cell markers so that the quantity of
cells and severeness of inflammation could be measured at the ischemic injury. Results showed
that the inflammation was more severe in mice that underwent splenectomy which potentially
points to the importance of macrophages in lessening inflammation and promoting recovery
Connections between mode of delivery and the imune system of a child
Na fiziologiju i imunosni sustav djeteta mogu utjecati razne stvari, tokom poroda. Prva i
najbitnija stvar je razlika između vaginalnog poroda i poroda carskim rezom. Tijekom vaginalnog
poroda dolazi do oksidativnog stresa, hipoksije, interakcija s majčinim hormonima i djelovanja
različitih sila na dijete. Carskim rezom dijete sve to izbjegne. Zbog manjka svih tih stresnih
situacija i međudjelovanja dijete može razviti anatomske deformacije poput nerazvijenih pluća te
imunosni sustav koji nije kompletno razvijen – može imati smanjenu količinu interferona y. Kako
bi se takvo nešto spriječilo mogu se koristiti određene tvari poput kortikosteroida, koja potiču
razvitak pluća nakon poroda.
Carskim rezom se također izbjegava mikrobiom koji se nalazi u vaginalnom traktu. To
može prouzročiti oslabljenim imunosnim sustavom i određenim patološkim stanjima poput
infekcije. To se može potencijalno riješiti izlaganjem djeteta vaginalnom mikrobiomu nakon
poroda.
Tijekom vaginalnog poroda uključuju se razni epigenetički mehanizmi koji utječu na
ekspresiju gena, a aktivirani su upravo stresom kroz koji dijete prolazi tijekom poroda. Taj stres se
smanjuje tijekom poroda carskim rezom, pa samim time i ne dolazi do aktivacije tih mehanizama.
U slučaju preranog poroda (prije 37. tjedna trudnoće), dijete ima oslabljen imunosni
sustav. Kao i kod normalnog poroda, dijete nema još razvijenu stečenu imunost, nego se oslanja
na urođenu. Kod prerano rođene djece, urođena imunost nije do kraja razvijena, zbog manjka
leukocita koji su zaslužni za to, pa je dijete podložnije patološkim stanjima poput sepse. Takvo
dijete treba izolirati od interakcija s okolišem i pokušati mu razviti imunosni sustav na primjer
majčinim mlijekom koje sadrži majčina antitijela.Various things during delivery can have an affect on the physiology and the immune
system of a child. The first and most important thing is the difference between a vaginal birth and
a Caesarean section. Oxidative stress, hypoxia, interactions with the mother's hormones and the
effect of different forces on a child all happen during a vaginal birth and are not present during the
Caesarean section. Due to the lack of all these stressful situations and interactions, the child may
develop anatomical deformities such as underdeveloped lungs or an underdeveloped immune14
system, e.g. they have a reduced amount of interferon y. To prevent this, certain substances like
corticosteroids that stimulate lung development after birth can be used.
A microbiom located in the vaginal tract is also avoided with the C-section. That can cause
a weakened immune system and certain pathological conditions like infections. This can
potentially be solved by exposing the child to the vaginal microbiom after birth.
During vaginal labour different epigenetic mechanisms that affect gene expression are
activated by the stress that a child goes through during labour. That stress is reduced during Csection so those mechanisms don't get activated.
In case of premature delivery (before the 37th week) the child has a weakened immune
system. As with normal delivery, the child does not yet have an acquired immune system, but
relies on the innate one. The innate immunity is not fully developed in prematurely born children
because of the lack of leukocytes responsible for this so the child is more susceptible to
pathological conditions such as sepsis. A child born like this needs to be isolated from interactions
with the environment and its' immune system development should be helped with the mother's
milk which contains the mother's antibodies