VEHICLE TRACKING AND SPEED ESTIMATION UNDER MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS USING YOLOV4 AND SORT: A CASE STUDY OF HANOI

This paper presents a method to estimate vehicle speed automatically, including cars and motorcycles under mixed traffic conditions from video sequences acquired with stationary cameras in Hanoi City of Vietnam. The motion of the vehicle is detected and tracked along the frames of the video sequences using YOLOv4 and SORT algorithms with a custom dataset. In the method, the distance traveled by the vehicle is the length of virtual point-detectors, and the travel time of the vehicle is calculated using the movement of the centroid over the entrance and exit of virtual point-detectors (i.e., region of interest), and then the speed is also estimated based on the traveled distance and the travel time. The results of two experimental studies showed that the proposed method had small values of MAPE (within 3%), proving that the proposed method is reliable and accurate for application in real-world mixed traffic environments like Hanoi, Vietnam

Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), including those caused by flaviviruses, remain human health problems for developing and urbanizing economies. This cross-sectional study examined risks of flavivirus exposure through a survey regarding knowledge and practices of pig farmers, and serological analysis of pigs in peri-urban and suburban Hanoi city. A total of 636 pig sera from 179 pig farms in 4 districts, namely, Chuong My, Dan Phuong, Ha Dong, and Bac Tu Liem, were analyzed by a competitive ELISA designed for flavivirus antibody detection. The results indicated a low level of awareness about MBDs among pig farmers, and a high seroprevalence in pigs at 88.5% (95%CI = 85.8-90.9%). Moreover, common practices of pig owners to prevent mosquitoes at home and farm did not show a significant reduction in flavivirus exposure in pigs. At animal level, significant associations between seropositive pigs and the farms with more than 60 pigs, and the district location were found. Farm-level multivariable analysis did not identify significant risk factors for flavivirus exposure. The study suggests that improving awareness of pig owners about MBDs in Hanoi city may be warranted to reduce the risk for MBD flavivirus infections in both humans and pigs

Associations of CYLD, JAK2 and TLR4 Genotypes with PSA Levels and Immunophenotype in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male urinary system, and its incidence and mortality rates have been increasing worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents stromal and epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate in elderly males. Abnormal activation of inflammation-related signalling molecules, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) has been linked to the initiation and progression of various human diseases including PCa and BPH. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene alterations are associated with PCa progression. In this study, the contribution of CYLD, JAK2, and TLR4 gene variants to PCa and BPH risks and their associations with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, immunophenotype, and clinical features in Vietnamese men were determined. Methods: A total of 102 patients with PCa, 65 with BPH, and 114 healthy controls were enrolled. The immunophenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry, cytokine secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene variants by DNA sequencing. Results: Lower levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and higher numbers of CD13+CD117- and CD56+CD25+ cells were observed in the PCa group than in the BPH group. Genetic analysis of the CYLD gene identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which c.2351-47 C>T, c.2351-46A>T, and rs1971432171 T>G had significantly higher frequencies in PCa patients than in the control and BPH groups. Sequencing of the TLR4 gene revealed five nucleotide changes, in which the rs2149356 SNP showed an increased risk for both PCa and BPH and the c.331-206 SNP had a reduced risk for PCa. Importantly, the expansion of activated natural killer (NK) cells and higher levels of PSA were found in PCa patients carrying the CT genotype of the CYLD c.2351-47 compared to those with the wild-type genotype. Conclusion: Activation of NK cells in CYLD-sensitive PCa patients was associated with serum PSA release and the CYLD c.2351-47 variant may be a significant risk factor for prostatitis in PCa patients

Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), including those caused by flaviviruses, remain human health problems for developing and urbanizing economies. This cross-sectional study examined risks of flavivirus exposure through a survey regarding knowledge and practices of pig farmers, and serological analysis of pigs in peri-urban and suburban Hanoi city. A total of 636 pig sera from 179 pig farms in 4 districts, namely, Chuong My, Dan Phuong, Ha Dong, and Bac Tu Liem, were analyzed by a competitive ELISA designed for flavivirus antibody detection. The results indicated a low level of awareness about MBDs among pig farmers, and a high seroprevalence in pigs at 88.5% (95%CI = 85.8-90.9%). Moreover, common practices of pig owners to prevent mosquitoes at home and farm did not show a significant reduction in flavivirus exposure in pigs. At animal level, significant associations between seropositive pigs and the farms with more than 60 pigs, and the district location were found. Farm-level multivariable analysis did not identify significant risk factors for flavivirus exposure. The study suggests that improving awareness of pig owners about MBDs in Hanoi city may be warranted to reduce the risk for MBD flavivirus infections in both humans and pigs

Surfactant-enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Pentachlorophenol from Soil

五氯酚為疏水性有機污染物，早期主要使用於木材防腐及農業用殺蟲劑，造成污染來源主要來自工廠製造、搬運過程中外洩流入土壤中，這些含氯有機污染物容易被土壤有機質所吸附而形成長期性污染。 本研究以陰離子界面活性劑為操作液，所選用的界面活性劑是十二烷基苯磺酸鈉 (SDBS)，利用SDBS可以增加疏水性有機污染物溶解度的特性，提昇電動力復育五氯酚污染之高嶺土。處理過程中，探討操作液置放陽極槽或陰極槽對移除土壤中五氯酚之影響，並觀察系統電流變化、操作液pH值、電滲透流及污染物濃度。 實驗結果顯示，SDBS在不同pH下都可使五氯酚增加溶解度，且對於含五氯酚之土壤，SDBS濃度在大於1000 mg/L開始逐漸提高脫附效率，有效去除土壤中五氯酚。在電動力系統中，以SDBS作為陽極槽操作液時，由於電流量不高而無法以電滲透流將土壤中五氯酚帶至陰極槽移除；而以SDBS作為陰極槽操作液時，大量的SDBS會往陽極移動，使遷移至靠近陽極端土壤累積的五氯酚會與SDBS形成微胞，再溶於水中移動至陽極槽而去除，在電壓為3 V/cm、操作時間為10天時，操作液SDBS (6000 mg/L SDBS/0.005 M NaCl)置放陰極槽，其五氯酚移除率有23.37%。Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly chlorinated organic compound that has been extensively used as a pesticide, particularly in the wood preservation industry. Due to its stable aromatic ring structure and high chlorine content, PCP is persistent in the environment, and it has become one of the most widespread contaminants in soil and water. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of PCP from the kaolinite using electrokinetic method in the presence of surfactants. An anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used to enhance the solubility of PCP. It was found that the removal of PCP was limited in the electrokinetic remediation when SDBS was used as the anodic electrolyte solution. This was attributed to that PCP transport toward the anode overcame the opposite electrosmotic flows. On the other hand, using SDBS as the cathodic electrolyte solution removed 23.37% of PCP from kaolinite. This was attributed to PCP transport toward the anode within the negatively charged micelles.中文摘要 I Abstract II 目錄 III 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究源起 1 1-2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2-1 土壤污染之來源 3 2-2 氯酚化合物之物化特性 3 2-3 五氯酚 4 2-3-1 五氯酚對人體之影響 6 2-3-2 國內外五氯酚污染現況 7 2-3-3 五氯酚相關法規 9 2-4 界面活性劑 11 2-4-1 界面活性劑之物化特性 11 2-4-2 界面活性劑於土壤表面吸附作用 12 2-4-4 界面活性劑之影響因子 13 2-4-5 界面活性劑的用途與功能 14 2-4-6 界面活性劑的種類 16 2-4-7 十二烷基苯磺酸鈉 18 2-5 電動力整治技術之介紹 20 2-5-1 電動力整治之優點 20 2-5-2 電動力法之原理及去除機制 21 2-5-3 電動力法之極化現象 24 2-5-4 電動力法之影響因子 25 2-6 電動力處理汙染物之相關文獻 28 2-6-1 電動力處理重金屬相關研究 28 2-6-2 電動力處理有機物相關研究 29 第三章 實驗材料與方法 33 3-1 實驗設備與材料 33 3-1-1 土樣前處理 33 3-1-2 電動力模場裝置 33 3-1-3 實驗藥品材料 36 3-1-4 實驗儀器 36 3-1-5 實驗架構 37 3-2 土壤基本性質分析 39 3-2-1 土壤水分含量測定方法－重量法 39 3-2-2 土壤酸鹼值測定 39 3-2-3 陽離子交換容量 39 3-2-4 有機質含量 40 3-3 土壤吸附相關試驗 41 3-3-1 不同操作時間土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 41 3-3-2 不同操作時間土壤吸附SDBS之探討 41 3-3-3 不同pH值下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 41 3-3-4 不同pH值下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 41 3-3-5 不同溫度下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 42 3-3-6 不同溫度下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 42 3-4 界面活性劑其他相關試驗 42 3-4-1 不同SDBS濃度與五氯酚增溶效果之探討 42 3-4-2 SDBS脫附固相中五氯酚之探討 42 3-4-3 SDBS在電動力系統傳輸之探討 43 3-4-4 高嶺土於SDBS溶液中沉降性之探討 43 3-4-5 含SDBS之高嶺土zeta電位 43 3-5 電動力實驗 44 3-6 實驗分析方法 45 3-6-1 界面活性劑分析方法 45 3-6-2 五氯酚分析方法 45 3-7 質量平衡 46 第四章 結果與討論 47 4-1 土壤基本性質分析 47 4-2 土壤吸附試驗 48 4-2-1 不同操作時間土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 48 4-2-2 不同操作時間土壤吸附SDBS之探討 48 4-2-3 不同pH值下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 50 4-2-4 不同pH值下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 50 4-2-5 不同溫度下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 52 4-2-6 不同溫度下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 52 4-3 界面活性劑其他相關試驗 54 4-3-1 不同SDBS濃度與五氯酚增溶效果之探討 54 4-3-2 SDBS脫附固相中五氯酚之探討 56 4-3-3 SDBS在電動力系統傳輸之探討 57 4-4 對照組實驗 59 4-4-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 59 4-4-2 電流與電滲透流變化 59 4-4-3 土壤之pH值變化 61 4-4-4 去除效果 61 4-5 SDBS置於陽極室-電動力處理受五氯酚污染土壤 64 4-5-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 64 4-4-2 電流與電滲透流變化 66 4-4-3 高嶺土於SDBS溶液中沉降性之探討 70 4-4-4 土壤之pH值變化 73 4-4-5 去除效果 73 4-5 SDBS置於陰極室-電動力處理受五氯酚污染土壤 77 4-5-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 77 4-5-2 電流變化 79 4-5-3 土壤之pH值變化 81 4-5-4 去除效果 81 4-5-5 不同操作時間去除效果 85 4-6 質量平衡分析 88 4-7 污染物分佈探討 91 4-8 其他處理技術 92 第五章 結論與建議 93 5-1 結論 93 5-2 建議 94 參考文獻 95 英文部分 95 中文部分 100 附錄 102 附錄 1-1 102 附錄 1-2 103 附錄 1-3 104 附錄 1-4 10

Additional file 1 of A study of genetic variants associated with skin traits in the Vietnamese population

Supplementary Material