55 research outputs found
Validation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) and community participation as an effective combination for Dengue control in Northern Vietnam
The “Programme Meso-Vietnam” was implemented in Vietnam from October 2007 to December 2010 to reduce dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence and to improve the quality of life in the four project communes. This dengue control project was based on biological control using Mesocyclops, a larvivorous micro-crustacean, as well as on the establishment of a strong community involvement to educate the population on dengue transmission and to reduce Aedes breeding by removal of containers. During three years, a network of collaborators was responsible for introducing Mesocyclops in all the containers defined as key breeding-sites, and regular activities such as community training workshops, school programmes, clean-up campaigns and health promotion through IEC programmess were performed. To make this programme sustainable, local leadership has been strengthened as well. The use of these larvivorous micro-crustaceans as a biological control strategy against dengue over the medium and long term, when combined with community participation and effective health promotion, demonstrated a significant reduction in dengue vector populations and dengue cases.  In Vietnam, this study reconfirms that there is an ecological alternative to systematic use of insecticides to control dengue vector population. (Abstract word count: 186)Le " Programme Meso-Vietnam " a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ĺ“uvre au Vietnam entre octobre 2007 et dĂ©cembre 2010. Ce programme vise Ă rĂ©duire l'incidence de la dengue et de la fièvre hĂ©morragique de la dengue et Ă amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© de vie dans les quatre communes sĂ©lectionnĂ©es pour le projet. Ce projet de lutte contre la dengue Ă©tait basĂ© sur un contrĂ´le biologique assurĂ© par des MĂ©socyclopes, micro-crustacĂ©s larvivores, et sur l'Ă©tablissement d'une forte implication de la communautĂ© pour Ă©duquer la population sur la transmission de la dengue et pour rĂ©duire la reproduction des moustiques Aedes par Ă©limination des conteneurs leur servant de site de ponte. Pendant trois ans, un rĂ©seau de collaborateurs a Ă©tĂ© chargĂ© d'introduire des MĂ©socyclopes dans tous les conteneurs dĂ©finis comme des sites de reproduction clĂ©s, et des activitĂ©s rĂ©gulières telles que des ateliers de formation communautaires, des programmes scolaires, des campagnes de nettoyage et des activitĂ©s de promotion de la santĂ© via les programmes IEC ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place. En outre, pour assurer la pĂ©rennitĂ© de ce programme, le leadership local a Ă©tĂ© renforcĂ©. L'utilisation de ces micro-crustacĂ©s larvivores comme stratĂ©gie de contrĂ´le biologique de la dengue Ă moyen et long terme, associĂ©e Ă une participation communautaire et Ă une promotion efficace de la santĂ©, a permis d'aboutir Ă une rĂ©duction significative des populations vecteurs de la dengue et des cas de dengue. Au Vietnam, cette Ă©tude confirme une fois de plus qu'il existe une alternative Ă©cologique Ă l'utilisation systĂ©matique d'insecticides pour lutter contre les vecteurs de la dengue.El “Programa Meso-Vietnam” se implementĂł en Vietnam desde octubre de 2007 hasta diciembre de 2010 para reducir la incidencia del dengue y la fiebre hemorrágica del dengue y para mejorar la calidad de vida en los cuatro municipios del proyecto. Este proyecto de control del dengue se basaba en el control biolĂłgico usando Mesocyclops, un microcrustáceo larvĂvoro, asĂ como en el establecimiento de una fuerte implicaciĂłn comunitaria para educar a la poblaciĂłn sobre la transmisiĂłn del dengue y para reducir la crĂa de Aedes mediante la eliminaciĂłn de recipientes. Durante tres años, una red de colaboradores fue responsable de la introducciĂłn de Mesocyclops en todos los recipientes definidos como sitios clave para la crĂa, y se realizaron actividades regulares tales como talleres de formaciĂłn comunitaria, programas escolares, campañas de limpieza y promociĂłn de la salud a travĂ©s de programas de IEC. Para hacer sostenible este programa, tambiĂ©n se reforzĂł el liderazgo local. El uso de estos microcrustáceos larvĂvoros como estrategia de control biolĂłgico contra el dengue a medio y largo plazo demostrĂł una reducciĂłn significativa de las poblaciones de vectores del dengue y los casos de dengue cuando se combinaba con la participaciĂłn comunitaria y la promociĂłn eficaz de la salud. En Vietnam, este estudio vuelve a confirmar que existe una alternativa ecolĂłgica al uso sistemático de insecticidas para controlar la poblaciĂłn de vectores del dengue
Strain inhomogeneity in copper islands probed by coherent X-ray diffraction
International audienceThe strain field of individual epitaxial sub-micrometric copper islands is studied using coherent X-ray diffraction and finite element modelling. The strain inhomogeneity in each island is so large that the characteristic features of the island shape tend to disappear in the diffraction pattern, which is dominated by strain effects. The model confirms the tensile strain imposed to the island by the thermal mismatch occurring during the preparation of the samples. An evaluation of the residual strain is obtained by qualitatively fitting the diffraction data
Parasitic pig-borne diseases assessment, capacity building, communication and policy engagement
Food safety risk communication and training need of stakeholders and consumers regarding pork value chain in Vietnam
Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-typhoidal Salmonella Collected From Pork Retail Outlets and Slaughterhouses in Vietnam Using Whole Genome Sequencing.
Non-typhoidal salmonella (TS) remains a significant health burden worldwide. In Vietnam, pork accounts for 70% of the total meat consumed, and contamination with Salmonella is high. High levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have emerged among porcine NTS and of particular concern is the emergence of colistin resistance, a "last defense" antibioic against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of 69 NTS isolates collected from the pork retail outlets and slaughterhouses in Vietnam during 2014 a nd 2018/19. Phenotypic testing and whole genome sequencing was used to assess the serotype and AMR gene profiles of the 69 NTS isolates. Seventeen different serotypes were identified, of which S. enterica subsp enterica serotype Typhimurium was the most common followed by S. ser. Rissen, S. ser. London, S. ser. Anatum, and S. ser. Derby. Phenotype AMR was common with 41 (59.4%) isolates deemed MDR. MDR strains were most common in slaughterhouses (83%) and supermarkets (75%) and lowest in traditional markets (38%) and convenience stores (40%). Colistin resistance was identified in 18 strains (15 resistant, three intermediate) with mcr-1 identified in seven isolates (S. ser. Meleagridis, S. Rissen, S. Derby) and mcr-3 in two isolates (S. Typhimurium). This includes the first mcr positive S. Meleagridis to our knowledge. Surprisingly, boutique stores had high levels (60%) of MDR isolates including 5/20 isolates with mcr-1. This study demonstrates that pork from modern retail stores classed as supermarkets or boutique (with pork claiming to be high quality, traceable, environmentally friendly marketed toward higher income consumers) still contained NTS with high levels of AMR
Risk Factors of Streptococcus suis Infection in Vietnam. A Case-Control Study
Background: Streptococcus suis infection, an emerging zoonosis, is an increasing public health problem across South East Asia and the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in adults in Vietnam. Little is known of the risk factors underlying the disease. Methods and Findings: A case-control study with appropriate hospital and matched community controls for each patient was conducted between May 2006 and June 2009. Potential risk factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire and investigation of throat and rectal S. suis carriage in cases, controls and their pigs, using real-time PCR and culture of swab samples. We recruited 101 cases of S. suis meningitis, 303 hospital controls and 300 community controls. By multivariate analysis, risk factors identified for S. suis infection as compared to either control group included eating "high risk" dishes, including such dishes as undercooked pig blood and pig intestine (OR1 = 2.22; 95% CI = [1.15-4.28] and OR2 = 4.44; 95% CI = [2.15-9.15]), occupations related to pigs (OR1 = 3.84; 95% CI = [1.32-11.11] and OR2 = 5.52; 95% CI = [1.49-20.39]), and exposures to pigs or pork in the presence of skin injuries (OR1 = 7.48; 95% CI = [1.97-28.44] and OR2 = 15.96; 95% CI = [2.97-85.72]). S. suis specific DNA was detected in rectal and throat swabs of 6 patients and was cultured from 2 rectal samples, but was not detected in such samples of 1522 healthy individuals or patients without S. suis infection. Conclusions: This case control study, the largest prospective epidemiological assessment of this disease, has identified the most important risk factors associated with S. suis bacterial meningitis to be eating 'high risk' dishes popular in parts of Asia, occupational exposure to pigs and pig products, and preparation of pork in the presence of skin lesions. These risk factors can be addressed in public health campaigns aimed at preventing S. suis infectio
Surveillance and early warning systems for climate-sensitive diseases in Vietnam: Key findings from the Pestforecast project
Quantifying the Emergence of Dengue in Hanoi, Vietnam: 1998–2009
Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease of humans, causing an estimated 50 million cases per year. The number of countries affected by dengue has increased dramatically in the last 50 years and dengue is now a major public health problem in large parts of the tropical and subtropical world. It is of considerable importance to understand the factors that determine how dengue becomes newly established in areas where the risk of dengue was previously small. Hanoi in North Vietnam is a large city where dengue appears to be emerging. We analyzed 12 years of dengue surveillance data in order to characterize the temporal and spatial epidemiology of dengue in Hanoi and to establish if dengue incidence has been increasing. After excluding the two major outbreak years of 1998 and 2009 and correcting for changes in population age structure over time, we found there was a significant annual increase in the incidence of notified dengue cases over the period 1999–2008. Dengue cases were concentrated in young adults in the highly urban central areas of Hanoi. This study indicates that dengue transmission is increasing in Hanoi and provides a platform for further studies of the underlying drivers of this emergence
One health, une seule santé
One Health, « Une seule santé », est une stratégie mondiale visant à développer les collaborations interdisciplinaires pour la santé humaine, animale et environnementale. Elle promeut une approche intégrée, systémique et unifiée de la santé aux échelles locale, nationale et mondiale, afin de mieux affronter les maladies émergentes à risque pandémique, mais aussi s'adapter aux impacts environnementaux présents et futurs. Bien que ce mouvement s’étende, la littérature en français reste rare. Traduit de l’anglais, coordonné par d’éminents épidémiologistes et s'appuyant sur un large panel d' approches scientifiques rarement réunies autour de la santé, cet ouvrage retrace les origines du concept et présente un contenu pratique sur les outils méthodologiques, la collecte de données, les techniques de surveillance et les plans d’étude. Il combine recherche et pratique en un seul volume et constitue un ouvrage de référence unique pour la santé mondiale
Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats
In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security
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