Reducing of phase retrieval errors in Fourier analysis of 2-dimensional digital model interferograms

In order to measure the radial displacements of facets on surface of a growing spherical Cu_{2-\delta}Se crystal with sub-nanometer resolution, we have investigated the reliability and accuracy of standard method of Fourier analysis of fringes obtained applying digital laser interferometry method. Guided by the realistic experimental parameters (density and orientation of fringes), starting from 2-dimensional model interferograms and using unconventional custom designed Gaussian filtering window and unwrapping procedure of the retrieved phase, we have demonstrated that for considerable portion of parameter space the non-negligible inherent phase retrieval error is present solely due to non-integer number of fringes within the digitally recorded image (using CCD camera). Our results indicate the range of experimentally adjustable parameters for which the generated error is acceptably small. We also introduce a modification of the (last part) of the usual phase retrieval algorithm which significantly reduces the error in the case of small fringe density.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JOSA

The right to environmental information as a technique for the protection of the environment

By analyzing legal documents and case law the author has tried to show how the right to environmental information can be used as a technique for the protection of the environment, given the wide and numerous possibilities its provisions cast upon the entire society. Despite these obvious possibilities, the exceptions from the general rule of free access, are defined widely, and are so numerous that it is a real danger of public authorities abusing these exceptions, thus annihilating positive effects of the existence of such a right. Therefore, access to justice is an irreplaceable complementary right, since for the effective use of the right of access to environmental information, it shows itself as an inevitable remedy. As for the situation regarding the legal system in the Republic of Serbia, while the real results of the effectiveness of this right in the protection of the environment have yet to happen in future, it is important that most of the basic legal documents dealing with provisions on the access to environmental information have created a good basis for the judicial system to build upon

Using socrates against today's education for labour market

U globalnom svijetu promjene se događaju svakodnevno i zahvaćaju odgojno-obrazovni sustav. Tome u prilog govori činjenica da se većina tradicionalnih smjernica odbacuje, te se teži novim ciljevima i metodama, onim izvanjskim koje zadovoljavaju neprestano mijenjajuće tržište rada. Svrha pojedinca u takvom sustavu jest prilagoditi mu se odgovarajući na njegove potrebe, dok Sokrat traži sreću unutar čovjeka – čovjeka koji posjeduje znanje i mudrost ne zbog drugih već zbog sebe i svoje slobode. Svojom metodom dijalektičkog govora traži istinu u sebi i drugima te nudi mnogo toga za promišljanje. Njegovo poučavanje koje ističe ljubav prema učenju i želju za istinskim znanjem koji stvaraju zrelog i autonomnog čovjeka svakako nadahnjuju već 25 stoljeća te bi ga trebalo uzeti u obzir kada se promišlja o budućnosti mladih generacija koje dolaze. U ovom radu uspoređujemo odgoj i obrazovanje danas s onim koje je bilo uvriježeno u Sokratovo doba te nastojimo ukazati na razlike. U radu se ističu promijene koje su zahvatile sveučilišta u vidu Bolonjske deklaracije ali i kako ih usmjerenost prema tržištu rada pretvara u poduzetničke centre. Što to znači za društvo znanja kojemu težimo i možemo li uopće tvrditi da zaista jesmo društvo znanja ukoliko stremimo isključivo znanjima diktiranima od strane neprestano mijenjajućeg tržišta rada? Uspoređujemo znanje kojemu težimo sa znanjem kojega je tražio Sokrat ukazujući pri tome na nedostatke današnjeg odgoja i obrazovanja te nudimo Sokratove ideje i mišljenja kao mogući pomak prema istinskoj mudrosti.In the global world, changes that strike our educational system, ocurr daily. In that matter, most of the traditional guidelines have been thrown away in order to strive new goals and methods, the external ones, which satisfy the constantly changing labor market. The purpose of an individual in that kind of a system is to adapt in order to satisfy its needs while Socrates searches for happiness inside a man itself- a man possesses knowledge and wisdom for himself and his own freedom, not others. With his method of dialect speech, he seeks his own truth and for others, and offers lots to think about. His teaching emphasizes love and desire for learning and true knowledge that leads to becoming an independent man inspires people for over 25 centurires and it should be taken into consideration when thinking about youth, younger generations and their future. In this paper, we are comparing and showing the differences in education today and the one in Socrates time. The changes through Bologna Declarationnare especially accented, so the directionality in the labor market makes the universities 4 entrepenurial centres. What does that mean for the knowledge economy we are thriving for? Can we even state that we really are the knowledge economy as we aspire the knowledge that is dictated by constantly changing labour market? We compare the knowledge to which we aspire with the knowledge which Socrates searches for and shows the disadvantages of today’s educational system. Here we offer Socrates ideas and opinions which lead to a possible progess to the genuine wisdom

Uloga polinezasićenih masnih kiselina u inflamaciji

Low-grade systemic inflammation is at the base of the most chronic non-communicable diseases, which are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Key players in the regulation of inflammation are n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular arachidonic acid (n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3). They are precursors of eicosanoids - signaling molecules involved in modulating the intensity and duration of inflammatory responses. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFAs have proinflammatory actions, while those derived from n-3 PUFAs act anti-inflammatory. Therefore, dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, as well as their ratio, could markedly affect the pathogenesis and manifestation of many chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation. This review will focus on the relationship between dietary PUFAs and inflammation, with reference to PUFAs status in plasma phospholipids in Serbian population.U osnovi većine hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti, koje širom sveta dostižu epidemijske razmere, leži 'tiha' inflamacija. Ključni igrač u regulaciji inflamacije su polinezasićene masne kiseline (PNMK) n-6 i n-3 familije, posebno arahidonska (n-6) i eikozapentaenska kiselina (n-3). One su prekursori eikozanoida - signalnih molekula koji su uključeni u intenzitet i trajanje inflamatornog odgovora. Eikozanoidi poreklom od n-6 PNMK deluju proinflamatorno, dok oni poreklom od n-3 PNMK imaju anti-inflamatorno dejstvo. Zbog toga dijetarni unos n-6 i n-3 PNMK, kao i njihov odnos, može značajno da utiče na patogenezu i manifestaciju mnogih hroničnih oboljenja koja su povezana sa 'tihom' inflamacijom. Ovaj pregledni rad se bavi vezom između unosa PNMK i inflamacije, sa osvrtom na status n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina u fosfolipidima plazme u populaciji u Srbiji

Uravnoteženje oblika sfernih Cu2−δSe monokristala tijekom gotovo ravnotežnog rasta

The spherical equilibrium-like shaped single crystals of nonstoichiometric cuprous selenide have been grown using the modified Ohachi\u27s method at about 30 K below its roughening temperature, TR(111) ≈ 830 K. The growth has been performed under conditions of a constant volume growth rate. During the growth of partly faceted ((111) facets) and partly rounded crystal, the sphere diameter, the diameters of the facets and the heights of the facets were measured in situ, using a CCD camera. Two growth features have been observed. First, there is the exponential-like shape relaxation toward its equilibrium form with a single relaxation time constant of about 1200 minutes, and second, there are facet size oscillations with the period of about 100 minutes, superimposed on the shape relaxation. The facet size oscillations accompanied by facet height time stepping appear to be the basic feature of the growth of faceted crystals of a nearly equilibrium shape. The oscillations feature, being probably the consequence of the facet pinning potential, seems to have certain similarity with the recently reported stepping-like growth mode of 4He solid/liquid interface at 2 mK.Narastali smo sferne monokristale nestehiometrijskog bakar selenida gotovo ravnotežnog oblika površine uporabom prilagođene Ohachijeve metode na temperaturi 30 K ispod temperature hrapavljenja - iščezavanja ravnih ploha, TR(111) ≈ 830 K. Rast se odvijao u uvjetima konstantne volumne brzine rasta. Za vrijeme rasta kristala, površina kojeg je dijelom sadržavala ravne makroskopske plohe tipa (111), a ostatkom bila zaobljena, mjerili smo in situ CCD kamerom radijus sfernog kristala, radijus ravnih ploha te udaljenost centra plohe od centra sfere. Opazili smo dvije značajke koje pripisujemo neravnotežnim oblicima odnosno oblicima kristala u rastu. Prvo, opazili smo eksponencijelno uravnoteženje oblika s jedinstvenim karakterističnim vremenom od oko 1200 minuta i drugo, opazili smo oscilacije radijusa plohe perioda oko 100 minuta koje se zbivaju neovisno o eksponencijelnom uravnoteženju za vrijeme rasta. Pokazujemo da su oscilacije radijusa plohe povezane s vremenski moduliranim rastom (period bez rasta - period bržeg rasta) udaljenosti plohe od centra sfere temeljna značajka rasta kristala djelomično prekrivenog plohama za vrijeme gotovo ravnotežnog rasta. Oscilacije radijusa plohe koje su vjerojatno posljedica potencijala zapinjanja plohe, izgledno imaju određenu sličnost s nedavno opaženim moduliranim rastom ploha na površini kristala 4He u dodiru sa supratekućinom na 2 mK

Uravnoteženje oblika sfernih Cu2−δSe monokristala tijekom gotovo ravnotežnog rasta

The spherical equilibrium-like shaped single crystals of nonstoichiometric cuprous selenide have been grown using the modified Ohachi\u27s method at about 30 K below its roughening temperature, TR(111) ≈ 830 K. The growth has been performed under conditions of a constant volume growth rate. During the growth of partly faceted ((111) facets) and partly rounded crystal, the sphere diameter, the diameters of the facets and the heights of the facets were measured in situ, using a CCD camera. Two growth features have been observed. First, there is the exponential-like shape relaxation toward its equilibrium form with a single relaxation time constant of about 1200 minutes, and second, there are facet size oscillations with the period of about 100 minutes, superimposed on the shape relaxation. The facet size oscillations accompanied by facet height time stepping appear to be the basic feature of the growth of faceted crystals of a nearly equilibrium shape. The oscillations feature, being probably the consequence of the facet pinning potential, seems to have certain similarity with the recently reported stepping-like growth mode of 4He solid/liquid interface at 2 mK.Narastali smo sferne monokristale nestehiometrijskog bakar selenida gotovo ravnotežnog oblika površine uporabom prilagođene Ohachijeve metode na temperaturi 30 K ispod temperature hrapavljenja - iščezavanja ravnih ploha, TR(111) ≈ 830 K. Rast se odvijao u uvjetima konstantne volumne brzine rasta. Za vrijeme rasta kristala, površina kojeg je dijelom sadržavala ravne makroskopske plohe tipa (111), a ostatkom bila zaobljena, mjerili smo in situ CCD kamerom radijus sfernog kristala, radijus ravnih ploha te udaljenost centra plohe od centra sfere. Opazili smo dvije značajke koje pripisujemo neravnotežnim oblicima odnosno oblicima kristala u rastu. Prvo, opazili smo eksponencijelno uravnoteženje oblika s jedinstvenim karakterističnim vremenom od oko 1200 minuta i drugo, opazili smo oscilacije radijusa plohe perioda oko 100 minuta koje se zbivaju neovisno o eksponencijelnom uravnoteženju za vrijeme rasta. Pokazujemo da su oscilacije radijusa plohe povezane s vremenski moduliranim rastom (period bez rasta - period bržeg rasta) udaljenosti plohe od centra sfere temeljna značajka rasta kristala djelomično prekrivenog plohama za vrijeme gotovo ravnotežnog rasta. Oscilacije radijusa plohe koje su vjerojatno posljedica potencijala zapinjanja plohe, izgledno imaju određenu sličnost s nedavno opaženim moduliranim rastom ploha na površini kristala 4He u dodiru sa supratekućinom na 2 mK

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the disease specific questionnaire oqlq in Serbian patients with malocclusions

Introduction. Dentofacial disorders may potentially significantly affect the quality of life. Objectives of this study were to validate translated and culturally adapted Orthognatic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) on a cohort of Serbian patients with malocclusions. Methods. The questionnaire was validated in 111 consecutive patients with malocclusions, seen between December 2014 and February 2015 at the Clinic of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. Clinical validity was assessed comparing the mean scores for the four subscales of the OQLQ and mean PAR pre-treatment score. In order to assess whether the allocation of items in the subscales corresponds to their distribution in the original questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis with varimax rotation) was conducted. Results. The results of the internal consistency analysis demonstrated good relationships between the items; Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four subscales were highly significant (p lt 0.001) (0.88-0.91). All items were significantly correlated between baseline and the retest (6 weeks after). The correlations between the PAR and all four domains of the OQLQ were all significant (p lt 0.01). The loading weights obtained in the exploratory factor analysis showed that this model revealed four factors with eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining the 64.0% of the cumulative variance. The majority of the items (86.4%) in the Serbian version of the OQLQ presented the highest loading weight in the subscales assigned by the OQLQ developer. Conclusions. The psychometric properties of the OQLQ (Serbian version) have exceptional internal consistency and reproducibility as an instrument for evaluation of dental malocclusions. Additionally, this questionnaire may be useful as a supplementary outcome measure in persons with malocclusions

Primjenjivost Sokratove metode odgoja u odgoju i obrazovanju danas

In the global world, changes that strike our educational system occur daily. In that matter, most of the traditional guidelines have been thrown away in order to strive towards new goals and methods, the external ones, which satisfy the continually changing labor market. The purpose of an individual in that kind of a system is to adapt in order to satisfy its needs while Socrates searches for happiness inside a man itself - a man possesses knowledge and wisdom for himself and his freedom, not others. With his method of dialectic speech, he seeks his truth and that of others and offers lots to think about. His teaching, which emphasizes love and desire for learning and real knowledge that leads to becoming an independent man, has been inspiring people for over twentyfive centuries, and it should be taken into consideration when thinking about youth, younger generations, and their future. In this paper, we are comparing and showing the differences in education today and the one in Socrates’ time. This paper highlights changes brought by the Bologna Declaration, but also the directionality in the labor market today, which makes the universities entrepreneurial centers. What does that mean for the knowledge economy we are striving for? Can we even state that we really are a knowledge society if we only aspire to knowledge that is dictated by the constantly changing labour market? We compare the knowledge to which we aspire with the knowledge which Socrates searches for and show the disadvantages of today’s educational system along the way. Here we offer Socrates’ ideas and opinions, which lead to possible progress towards genuine wisdom.U globalnom svijetu promjene se događaju svakodnevno i zahvaćaju odgojnoobrazovni sustav. Tome u prilog govori činjenica da se većina tradicionalnih smjernica odbacuje, te se teži novim ciljevima i metodama, onim izvanjskim koje zadovoljavaju neprestano mijenjajuće tržište rada. Svrha pojedinca u takvom sustavu jest prilagoditi mu se odgovarajući na njegove potrebe, dok Sokrat traži sreću unutar čovjeka – čovjeka koji posjeduje znanje i mudrost ne zbog drugih već zbog sebe i svoje slobode. Svojom metodom dijalektičkog govora traži istinu u sebi i drugima te nudi mnogo toga za promišljanje. Njegovo poučavanje koje ističe ljubav prema učenju i želju za istinskim znanjem koji stvaraju zrelog i autonomnog čovjeka svakako nadahnjuju već 25 stoljeća te bi ga trebalo uzeti u obzir kada se promišlja o budućnosti mladih generacija koje dolaze. U ovom radu uspoređujemo odgoj i obrazovanje danas s onim koje je bilo uvriježeno u Sokratovo doba te nastojimo ukazati na razlike. U radu se ističu promijene koje su zahvatile sveučilišta u vidu Bolonjske deklaracije ali i kako ih usmjerenost prema tržištu rada pretvara u poduzetničke centre. Što to znači za društvo znanja kojemu težimo i možemo li uopće tvrditi da zaista jesmo društvo znanja ako stremimo isključivo znanjima diktiranima od strane neprestano mijenjajućeg tržišta rada? Uspoređujemo znanje kojemu težimo sa znanjem kojega je tražio Sokrat ukazujući pri tome na nedostatke današnjeg odgoja i obrazovanja te nudimo Sokratove ideje i mišljenja kao mogući pomak prema istinskoj mudrosti