Taxonomic, morphological and molecular study of the troglobitic ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) of the Carpatho-Balkanids of Serbia

Tribus Trechini (potporodica Trechinae) je jedna od glavnih grupa insekata čiji su pripadnici kolonizovali podzemnu sredinu. Veliki broj taksona ovih insekata je razvio slične morfološke adaptacije na život u podzemnim staništima, što znatno otežava utvrđivanje njihovih filogenetskih odnosa. Ciljevi ove studije su fokusirani na rasvetljavanje taksonomsko-filogenetskih odnosa trehina koji nastanjuju pećine i jame Karpato-balkanida Srbije pomoću taksonomsko-morfoloških i molekularnih analiza. Taksonomsko-morfološke analize su obuhvatile prikaze morfoloških karakteristika studiranih taksona, dobijene pomoću klasične svetlosne i nelinearne mikroskopije (TPEF modalitet), kao i komparativne analize navedenih taksona. Molekularne analize su bile zasnovane na parcijalnim sekvencama gena za podjedinicu I citohrom c oksidaze (COI). Klasičnom svetlosnom mikroskopijom ispitane su morfološke karakteristike habitusa i genitalnih struktura svih analiziranih taksona, a analiza genitalnih i drugih anatomskih struktura predstavnika roda Pheggomisetes urađena je dodatno pomoću nelinearne mikroskopije (TPEF modalitet). Molekularnim analizama su podvrgnuti svi taksoni iz ispitivane oblasti, a uspešno je sekvencionirana DNK sledećih taksona: Pheggomisetes globiceps ninae, P. globiceps globiceps, P. globiceps ciniglavcensis, P. globiceps ilandjievi, P. serbicus serbicus, P. serbicus belensis, Glabroduvalius tupiznicensis, Curcicia bolei, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) sp., D. (P.) trifunovici, D. (P.) rtanjensis, D. (P.) milutini, D. (P.) stankovitchi georgevitchi i D. (P.) stankovitchi devojensis. Nakon sprovedenih analiza, dat je pregled taksona opisanih od strane drugih autora: D. (P.) stankovitchi [sa podvrstama D. (P.) stankovitchi stankovitchi, D. (P.) stankovitchi devojensis i D. (P.) stankovitchi georgevitchi], D. (P.) winkleri, D. (P.) rtanjensis provalijae i Curcicia (sa vrstom C. bolei). Takođe je dat pregled taksona opisanih od strane autora: D. (P.) trifunovici, D. (P.) rtanjensis, D. (P.) bogovinae, D. (P.) milutini, D. (P.) beljanicae, D. (P.) petrovici, D. (P.) sotirovi, P. globiceps ciniglavcensis, P. serbicus (sa podvrstama P. serbicus serbicus i P. serbicus belensis) i Glabroduvalius (sa vrstom G. tupiznicensis). Pored toga, potvrđen je status roda Curcicia i promenjen je status taksona P. ninae, prvobitno opisanog kao nezavisna vrsta, u podvrstu u okviru P. globiceps – P. globiceps ninae.Tribe Trechini (subfamily Trechinae) is one of the main groups of insects whose members colonized underground environment. Large number of the insect taxa developed similar morphological adaptations due to life in underground habitats, which makes it difficult to determine their phylogenetic relationships. The aims of this study are focused on revealing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within Trechini inhabiting caves and pits of the Carpatho-Balkanids of Serbia, using taxonomic, morphological and molecular analyses. Taxonomic and morphological analyses included the displays of the morphological characteristics of the studied taxa obtained by classical bright-field and nonlinear microscopy (TPEF modality), as well as comparative analyses of the mentioned taxa. Molecular analyses were based on the barcoding region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Morphological characteristics of habitus and genital structures of all analyzed taxa were examined by classical bright-field microscopy, and the analyses of genital and other anatomical structures of Pheggomisetes taxa were additionally examined by nonlinear microscopy (TPEF modality). All underground trechine taxa from the investigated region were subjected to molecular analyses, and we sucessfully isolated DNA of the following taxa: Pheggomisetes globiceps ninae, P. globiceps globiceps, P. globiceps ciniglavcensis, P. globiceps ilandjievi, P. serbicus serbicus, P. serbicus belensis, Glabroduvalius tupiznicensis, Curcicia bolei, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) trifunovici, D. (P.) rtanjensis, D. (P.) milutini, D. (P.) sp., D. (P.) stankovitchi georgevitchi and D. (P.) stankovitchi devojensis. After performed analyses, the review of the taxa described by other authors is given: D. (P.) stankovitchi [with subspecies D. (P.) stankovitchi stankovitchi, D. (P.) stankovitchi devojensis and D. (P.) stankovitchi georgevitchi], D. (P.) winkleri, D. (P.) rtanjensis provalijae and Curcicia (with species C. bolei). Also, the review of the taxa described by the author is given: D. (P.) trifunovici, D. (P.) rtanjensis, D. (P.) bogovinae, D. (P.) milutini, D. (P.) beljanicae, D. (P.) petrovici, D. (P.) sotirovi, P. globiceps ciniglavcensis, P. serbicus (with subspecies P. serbicus serbicus and P. serbicus belensis) and Glabroduvalius (with species G. tupiznicensis). Furthermore, the status of the genus Curcicia is confirmed and the status of the taxon P. ninae, previously described as a separate species, is changed to P. globiceps ninae, a subspecies within species P. globiceps

Three new cave-dwelling trechine ground beetles from eastern and southeastern Serbia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)

Three new troglobitic trechine ground beetle species are described from three caves in eastern and southeastern Serbia: Duvalius (Paraduvalius) bogovinae sp. n., from the Bogovinska Pećina Cave, village of Bogovina, Kučajske Planine Mts., near Boljevac, eastern Serbia; D. (P.) milutini sp. n., from the Samar cave system, village of Kopajkošara, Mt. Kalafat, near Svrljig, southeastern Serbia, and D. (P.) beljanicae sp. n., from the Velika Atula Cave, village of Strmosten, Mt. Beljanica, near Despotovac, eastern Serbia. The new species are easily distinguished from relatives. All important morphological features, along with the diagnoses and illustrations of the new taxa are presented. The new species are relicts and endemics of eastern and southeastern Serbia. They probably belong to old phyletic lineages of Tertiary or even pre-Tertiary origin. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173038

A new species of Leonhardia Reitter, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a key to species of the genus

A new leptodirine leiodid beetle species belonging to the genus Leonhardia Reitter, 1901, L. solaki sp. nov., from a pit in Bosnia and Herzegovina (western Balkan Peninsula) is described and diagnosed. Important morphological features of the new species are listed and photographed. The new species is endemic to the Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A key for identification of species and subspecies of the genus Leonhardia is also provided

ON THE FIRST NON-TYPE LOCALITY FINDING OF DUVALIUS (PARADUVALIUS) STANKOVITCHI GEORGEVITCHI (JEANNEL, 1923) (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: TRECHINAE)

Troglobitic trechine ground beetle, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) stankovitchi georgevitchi (Jeannel, 1923) was found outside its type locality (Lazareva Pećina Cave, village of Zlot, near Bor, Kučajske Planine Mts., eastern Serbia) for the first time. Specimens of the mentioned taxon were recently collected in Vernjikica Cave nearby. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that specimens from both caves belong to the same subspecies, and that there are no significant differences between them

The surprising discovery of two new subterranean Leptodirini of the genus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from Croatia after more than a century

Two new subterranean leiodid taxa of the genus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901 from three pits in northern Dalmatia (Croatia), S. coriniensis sp. nov. and S. coriniensis nonveilleri ssp. nov., are described. The morphological traits of the new taxa are enumerated and illustrated. These two taxa are placed in the subgenus Spelaeobates Müller, 1901. The relationships of these two taxa and their close relatives are clarified. Data on the sexual dimorphism of the two new taxa and on the intrasubspecific variability of S. coriniensis nonveilleri ssp. nov. are presented. We also redescribed S. novaki, the type species of both the genus Spelaeobates and the subgenus Spelaeobates and the closest relative of the newly described species. A key for identification of the taxa of the genus Spelaeobates is included. The new taxa are endemic to the Dinaric Alps of Croatia. Spelaeobates (Pretneriella) kraussi Müller, 1903 and S. (P.) pharensis langhofferi Müller, 1931 were found for the first time outside their type locality

CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Uvod: Hrvatsko društvo za dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora izradilo je 2011. godine prve nacionalne smjernice o prehrani, edukaciji i samokontroli te farmakološkom liječenju šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Sukladno povećanom broju dostupnih lijekova te novim spoznajama o učinkovitosti i sigurnosti primjene već uključenih lijekova, pokazala se potreba za obnovom postojećih smjernica za farmakološko liječenje šećerne bolesti tipa 2 u Republici ­Hrvatskoj. Sudionici: Kao koautori Smjernica navedeni su svi članovi Hrvatskog društva za dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora, kao i ostalih uključenih stručnih društava, koji su svojim komentarima i prijedlozima pridonijeli izradi Smjernica. Dokazi: Ove su Smjernice utemeljene na dokazima, prema sustavu GRADE (engl. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) koji uz razinu dokaza opisuje i snagu preporuke. Zaključci: Individualan pristup temeljen na fiziološkim principima regulacije glikemije nuždan je u liječenju osoba sa šećernom bolesti. Ciljeve liječenja i odabir medikamentne terapije treba prilagoditi oboljeloj osobi, uzimajući u obzir životnu dob, trajanje bolesti, očekivano trajanje života, rizik od hipoglikemije, komorbiditete, razvijene vaskularne i ostale komplikacije, kao i ostale čimbenike. Zbog svega navedenoga od nacionalnog je interesa imati praktične, racionalne i provedive smjernice za farmakološko liječenje šećerne bolesti tipa 2.Introduction: The Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Croatian Medical Association has issued in 2011 the first national guidelines for the nutrition, education, self-control, and pharmacotherapy of ­diabetes type 2. According to the increased number of available medicines and new evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of medicines already involved in the therapy there was a need for update of the existing guidelines for the ­pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Croatia. Participants: as co-authors of the Guidelines there are listed all members of the Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, as well as other representatives of professional societies within the Croatian Medical Association, who have contributed with comments and suggestions to the development of the Guidelines. Evidence: These guidelines are evidence-based, according to the GRADE system (eng. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation), which describes the level of evidence and strength of recommendations. Conclusions: An individual patient approach based on physiological principles in blood glucose control is essential for diabetes’ patients management. Glycemic targets and selection of the pharmacological agents should be tailored to the patient, taking into account the age, duration of disease, life expectancy, risk of hypoglycemia, comorbidities, developed vascular and other complications as well as other factors. Because of all this, is of national interest to have a practical, rational and applicable guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes

Hrvatske smjernice za farmakološko liječenje šećerne bolesti tipa 2 [Croatian guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes]

Introduction: The Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Croatian Medical Association has issued in 2011 the first national guidelines for the nutrition, education, self-control, and pharmacotherapy of diabetes type 2. According to the increased number of available medicines and new evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of medicines already involved in the therapy there was a need for update of the existing guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Croatia. Participants: as co-authors of the Guidelines there are listed all members of the Croatian Association for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, as well as other representatives of professional societies within the Croatian Medical Association, who have contributed with comments and suggestions to the development of the Guidelines. Evidence: These guidelines are evidence-based, according to the GRADE system (eng. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation), which describes the level of evidence and strength of recommendations. Conclusions: An individual patient approach based on physiological principles in blood glucose control is essential for diabetes' patients management. Glycemic targets and selection of the pharmacological agents should be tailored to the patient, taking into account the age, duration of disease, life expectancy, risk of hypoglyce- mia, comorbidities, developed vascular and other complications as well as other factors. Because of all this, is of national interest to have a practical, rational and applicable guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes

Remarks on some trechine ground beetle taxa from the Balkan peninsula (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)

The purpose of this note is to offer some corrections and supplements to the paper of Lohaj et al. (2013), to prove the validity of recently described trechine genera in Serbia, and to comment on other erroneous facts presented in the analyzed paper. In particular, we will show that the taxonomical remarks on the genus Duvalius Delarouzée, 1859, are wrong. The following genera are clearly delimited and represent valid taxa: Serboduvalius Ćurčić, Pavićević & Ćurčić, 2001, comb. n., Rascioduvalius Ćurčić, Brajković, Mitić & Ćurčić, 2003, comb. n., Curcicia Ćurčić & Brajković, 2003, comb. n., and Javorella Ćurčić, Brajković & Ćurčić, 2003, comb. n. The following new combinations are established for the following Duvalius species: Serboduvalius gejzadunayi (Lohaj, Čeplík & Lakota, 2013), comb. n., S. starivlahi (Guéorguiev, Ćurčić & Ćurčić, 2000), comb. n., S. dragacevensis Ćurčić, Pavićević & Ćurčić, 2001, comb. n., S. droveniki (Magrini, 1998), comb. n., Rascioduvalius cvijici (Jeannel, 1923), comb. n., R. stopicensis (Jeannel, 1923), comb. n., R. zlatiborensis Ćurčić, Brajković & Ćurčić, 2005, comb. n., Curcicia bolei (Pretner, 1963), comb. n., Javorella javorensis Ćurčić, Brajković & Ćurčić, 2003, comb. n., J. suvoborensis (Pavićević & Popović, 2001), comb. n., and J. suvodolensis Ćurčić, Brajković & Ćurčić, 2003, comb. n. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173038

A new subspecies of the genus Duvalius Delarouzée, 1859 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) from western Serbia, with a key and an annotated catalogue of Serbian Biharotrechus and Duvalius s. str. taxa

Duvalius semecensis tarensis ssp. nov. from two subterranean sites situated on Mt. Tara (western Serbia) is described, illustrated and compared with its most related congeners. It is provisionally placed in the subgenus Biharotrechus Bokor, 1922. The new subspecies is characterized by a depigmented, medium-sized body, the presence of reduced eyes, deep and complete frontal furrows, two pairs of discal setae in third elytral striae, as well as by the shape of aedeagus. It inhabits caves on Mt. Tara and is endemic of this mountain. Data on the distribution and bionomy of the new subspecies are given. Its closest relative, Duvalius (Biharotrechus) semecensis semecensis Winkler, 1926, is redescribed and we designated its holotype by monotypy. A key for the identification and an annotated catalogue of Serbian Biharotrechus and Duvalius s. str. taxa are also provided